Primary leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla: An investigative loom-report of a challenging case and review of literature

Abstract

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a malignant neoplasm composed of cells showing distinct smooth muscle features. Majority of the tumors are located in the retroperitoneum, including the pelvis and the uterus but are rare in the oral and pharyngeal region. Intraorally, they are present as painless, lobulated, fixed masses of the submucosal tissues in middle-aged or older individuals. Lesions are usually slow growing and are less than 2 cm in diameter at the time of diagnosis. Here we report the clinico-pathological findings of a case of primary LMS of the maxilla in 63-year-old male patient with an emphasis on the judicious use of ancillary diagnostic modalities to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

Uso de la fotobiomodulación en el tratamiento de las complicaciones tisulares tras la resección de un leiomiosarcoma del maxilar

“…Leiomyosarcomas are usually divided by anatomical location into three groups: 1) leiomyosarcomas of deep tissues, the most frequently occurring group, predominantly involving the uterus, gastrointestinal tract, and retroperitoneum; 2) leiomyosarcomas of vascular origin, from the tunica media; and 3) those that affect the skin and more superficial subcutaneous tissues and the extremities. 9 The tumor has no specific age or sex predilection. 10 When they occur in the respiratory tract, the most common sites are the nasal cavity, the maxillary sinus, and the ethmoid sinus.…”

“…Electron microscopy revealed intracytoplasmic microfilaments with numerous dense cytoplasmic bodies, micropinocytotic vesicles, and a partially discontinuous lamina basale. 9 The treatment of this type of lesion is difficult because of the high recurrence and metastatic rates and poor prognosis. 14 Complete surgical resection is generally recommended.…”

“…With oral leiomyosarcomas, metastasis to the regional lymph nodes is relatively rare, and the most common site of metastasis is the lungs. 9 The process of tissue repair is complex and comprises vascular and cellular alterations, epithelial and fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis and deposition, elastin and proteoglycan production, revascularization, and wound contraction. Trophic-regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects also stand out.…”

Cáncer Bucomaxilofacial en Niños III: Tumores Malignos del Tejido Blando

“…A nivel oral se sugiere que deriva de la túnica media de la pared vascular o de células pluripotenciales (Sandhu et al, 2014).…”

Pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla with metastasis to the colon: A case report

“…Leiomyosarcomas are rare soft tissue tumors that arise from smooth muscle cells[ 1 ]. They account for about 5%-7% of all soft tissue sarcomas[ 2 ] and are frequently found in retroperitoneal tissue, the gastrointestinal tract, the urinary tract, and the uterus[ 3 , 4 ]. Several histological subtypes have been identified.…”