Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Rectum: a Case Report of an Extremely Rare Gastrointestinal Cancer

Herrero, Laura Nunez; Chaucer, Benjamin; Zafar, Wahib; Davalos, Fidencio; Salman, S.K.; Naing, Sundee

doi:10.1007/s12029-015-9786-0

Cited by 5 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, among primary melanomas located in the GI tract, the anorectal location is the most frequent site followed by the oropharyngeal region, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon. These lesions can affect the rectum, anal canal or both 15 …”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence increases with age. It is more common in the age group between 60 and 80 years, with higher prevalence in Caucasians 15,18 . Nevertheless, there are case reports of ARMM also in children and adolescents but this is considered extraordinarily uncommon 19 .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to non‐specific and often misleading clinical features of ARMM, physicians initially include a wide range of diseases in their differential diagnosis 21 15,22 . Interestingly enough, metastatic disease is present in 20–62% of the patients, at the time of diagnosis 15 .…”

Section: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prognosis is adversely linked with the extent of lymph node metastasis and potential lymphovascular invasion 13 . Despite recent research on novel therapeutic strategies against ARMMs, surgical resection appears as the only potentially curative approach 14,15 . However, the ideal surgical intervention remains controversial and can vary from wide local excision (WLE) to abdomino‐perineal resection (APR) 16,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical evidence, diagnostic approach and challenging therapeutic modalities for malignant melanoma of the anorectum

Mastoraki

Schizas

Ntella

et al. 2020

ANZ Journal of Surgery

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Primary anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM) is a rare, aggressive tumour that accounts for approximately 1.2% of all melanomas. This rare entity represents less than 5% of anorectal malignant tumours and 0.05–1% of all malignant colorectal neoplasms. The incidence increases with age while there is a higher prevalence in Caucasians. ARMM is often asymptomatic or presents with no disease‐specific evidence so that it can mimic other rectal disorders, malignant or benign. Colonoscopy is obligatory as a diagnosing mean for ARMM. Furthermore, endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be utilized for the evaluation of tumour infiltration and lymph node metastases. Moreover, diagnostic establishment of ARMM requires an undeniable demonstration of essential melanocytic features in histology and immunohistochemistry. Even though the standard of treatment remains surgical resection, the choice between wide local excision and abdomino‐perineal resection is still controversial. Recently, there have been recommendations regarding new techniques which could be utilized for the surgical treatment of ARMM. Newer treatments that have been proposed such as immune‐checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies need further validation. A multicenter study would allow clarification of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy for this uncommon nosological entity.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical evidence, diagnostic approach and challenging therapeutic modalities for malignant melanoma of the anorectum

Mastoraki

Schizas

Ntella

et al. 2020

ANZ Journal of Surgery

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“…Melanoma is a type of cancer arising from the melanocyte, which can be found in the skin [1] and digestive tract [2]. It has been previously reported that the key issues for melanoma pathogenesis are genetic factors and ultraviolet radiation exposure [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silencing of microRNA-517a induces oxidative stress injury in melanoma cells via inactivation of the JNK signaling pathway by upregulating CDKN1C

Yang

Yan

et al. 2020

Cancer Cell Int

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Background: Melanoma is notoriously resistant to current treatments, and less than 25% of metastatic melanoma cases respond to existing therapies. Growing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the prognosis of melanoma. MiR-517a has been implicated in many types of cancer; however, its expressional features and potential biological functions in melanoma remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of miR-517a on oxidative stress (OS) in melanoma cells. Methods: miR-517a expression in melanoma was determined using RT-qPCR. After treatment with different concentrations of H 2 O 2 , cell viability was determined in order to identify the most appropriate H 2 O 2 concentration. Through loss and gain of function experiments, the interactions between miR-517a, the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) and the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, as well as their roles in OS of melanoma cells were identified. Moreover, the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3, extent of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, levels of T-AOC, ROS and MDA, and SOD activity were also tested. Finally, melanoma cell viability and apoptosis were detected. Results: MiR-517a was upregulated, while CDKN1C was downregulated in melanoma tissues and cells. MiR-517a targets CDKN1C and consequently reduced its expression. Inhibition of miR-517a was shown to increase Cleaved Caspase-3 expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, levels of ROS and MDA, as well as cell apoptosis but decrease extent of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, T-AOC levels, SOD activity, along with cell proliferation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusions: Overall, silencing miR-517a results in upregulated CDKN1C expression, and inhibited JNK signaling pathway activation, consequently promoting OS in melanoma cells.

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Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in 47 patients with primary anorectal malignant melanoma in the immune therapy era

Ogata¹,

Tsutsui

Namikawa³

et al. 2022

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Rectum: a Case Report of an Extremely Rare Gastrointestinal Cancer

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Clinical evidence, diagnostic approach and challenging therapeutic modalities for malignant melanoma of the anorectum

Clinical evidence, diagnostic approach and challenging therapeutic modalities for malignant melanoma of the anorectum

Silencing of microRNA-517a induces oxidative stress injury in melanoma cells via inactivation of the JNK signaling pathway by upregulating CDKN1C

Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in 47 patients with primary anorectal malignant melanoma in the immune therapy era

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