Primary metabolites and organic acid metabolism in apple (Malus sylvestris) fruit callus culture

Abstract

In-vitro culture cells were obtained from seven different varieties of Indian apples (Malus sylvestris L). The cultivar Golden (methionine, arginine, leucine and proline) were present at higher concentration in callus cultures whereas they were almost absent in the original tissue. There were also differences in the carbohydrate and protein profiles of explant ana callus as judged by their sugar and amino acid make-up respectively.

Sugar Composition of Varietal Juices Produced from Fresh and Stored Apples

“…The significant increase in xylose content can be explained by the breakdown of cell-*, **, ***, significant at the p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 confidence level, wall components. The xylose content of cell walls increases in postclimacteric apple (Gross and Sams, 1984), and it can be liberated by hydrolysis (Garleb et al, 1989;Prabha et al, 1990;Schols et al, 1991).…”

“…The minor sugar contents reported for apples or apple juice are as follows: 0.01-0.25 g/100 g D-xylose (Aso and Matsuda, 1951;Guichard, 1954;Siegelman, 1954; Ash and Reynolds, 1955;Whiting and Coggins, 1960;Buchloh and Neubeller, 1969; Chong et al, 1972; Mákinen and Soderling, 1980; Sharma etal., 1988;Chapman and Horvat, 1989; Prabha et al, 1990;Schols et al, 1991), trace-0.05 g/100 g galactose (Ash and Reynolds, 1955;Sharkasi, 1981; Sharma et al, 1988; Chapman and Horvat, 1989;Schols et al, 1991), 0.02-0.08 g/100 g raffinose (Chan et al, 1972; Chong et al, 1972), traces of arabinose (Wall and Hassan, 1965; Sharma et al, 1988;Schols et al, 1991), mannose (Guichard, 1954;Schols et al, 1991), rhamnose (Schols et al, 1991), and maltose (Lee et al, 1970(Lee et al, ,1972Prabha et al, 1990). It should be noted that xylose, arabinose, and galactose along with glucose, mannose, and rhamnose are noncellulosic components of cell walls in apples (Gross and Sams, 1984) and they are released upon acid (Garleb et al 1989; Prabha et al, 1990) or enzymatic (Schols et al, 1991) hydrolysis of apple fiber. The sugar-alcohols reported in minor quantities for apples or apple juice are as follows: 0.01 g/100 L glycerol (Dizy et al, 1992); 0.0048-0.0128 g/100 g xylitol (Mákinen and Soderling, 1980), and trace-0...…”