Primary motor cortex underlies multi-joint integration for fast feedback control

Pruszynski, J. Andrew; Kurtzer, Isaac; Nashed, Joseph Y.; Omrani, Mohsen; Brouwer, Brenda; Scott, Stephen H.

doi:10.1038/nature10436

Cited by 316 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our results demonstrate that structure learning manifests itself not only in the abstract cognitive functions of human brain but also in the most low-level brain-mediated circuits. This is in accordance with studies showing that long-latency reflexes can reflect an internal model of limb dynamics (Kurtzer et al, 2008) and are controlled by the motor cortex (Pruszynski et al, 2011).…”

Section: Structure Learning Is Implicit and Automaticsupporting

confidence: 76%

Adaptation Paths to Novel Motor Tasks Are Shaped by Prior Structure Learning

Kobak

Mehring²

2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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After extensive practice with motor tasks sharing structural similarities (e.g., different dancing movements, or different sword techniques), new tasks of the same type can be learned faster. According to the recent "structure learning" hypothesis (Braun et al., 2009a), such rapid generalization of related motor skills relies on learning the dynamic and kinematic relationships shared by this set of skills. As a consequence, motor adaptation becomes constrained, effectively leading to a dimensionality reduction of the learning problem; at the same time, adaptation to tasks lying outside the structure becomes biased toward the structure. We tested these predictions by investigating how previously learned structures influence subsequent motor adaptation. Human subjects were making reaching movements in 3D virtual reality, experiencing perturbations either in the vertical or in the horizontal plane. Perturbations were either visuomotor rotations of varying angle or velocity-dependent forces of varying strength. We found that, after extensive training with both kinematic or dynamic perturbations, adaptation to unpracticed, diagonal, perturbations happened along the previously learned structure (vertical or horizontal), and resulting adaptation trajectories were curved. This effect is robust, can be observed on the single-subject level, and occurs during adaptation both within and across trials. Additionally, we demonstrate that structure learning changes involuntary visuomotor reflexes and therefore is not exclusively a high-level cognitive phenomenon.

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Section: Structure Learning Is Implicit and Automaticsupporting

confidence: 76%

Adaptation Paths to Novel Motor Tasks Are Shaped by Prior Structure Learning

Kobak

Mehring²

2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…This position is supported by many demonstrations that muscular activity 50 -100 ms after a mechanical perturbation (i.e., the long-latency stretch response) shows a range of modulation that reflects voluntary motor control (for review see Pruszynski and Scott 2012;Shemmell et al 2010). Such modulation of the long-latency stretch response reflects sensitivity to task demands (Dietz et al 1994;Doemges andRack 1992a, 1992b;Hager-Ross et al 1996;Marsden et al 1981;Nashed et al 2012), movement decision-making processes (Nashed et al 2014;Selen et al 2012;Yang et al 2011), routing of sensory information across different muscles (Cole et al 1984;Dimitriou et al 2012;Marsden et al 1981;Mutha and Sainburg 2009;Ohki and Johansson 1999;Omrani et al 2013), as well as knowledge of the mechanical properties of the arm (Crevecoeur et al 2012;Crevecoeur and Scott 2013;Gielen et al 1988;Koshland et al 1991;Kurtzer et al 2008Kurtzer et al , 2009Kurtzer et al , 2013Kurtzer et al , 2014Pruszynski et al 2011a;Soechting and Lacquaniti 1988) and environment (Ahmadi-Pajouh et al 2012;Akazawa et al 1983;Bedingham and Tatton 1984;Cluff and Scott 2013;Dietz et al 1994;Kimura et al 2006;Krutky et al 2010;Perreault et al 2008;Pruszynski et al 2009;Shemmell et al 2009<...>…”

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confidence: 99%

Goal-dependent modulation of the long-latency stretch response at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist

Weiler

Gribble

Pruszynski

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Weiler J, Gribble PL, Pruszynski JA. Goal-dependent modulation of the long-latency stretch response at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist. J Neurophysiol 114: 3242-3254, 2015. First published October 7, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00702.2015.-Many studies have demonstrated that muscle activity 50 -100 ms after a mechanical perturbation (i.e., the long-latency stretch response) can be modulated in a manner that reflects voluntary motor control. These previous studies typically assessed modulation of the long-latency stretch response from individual muscles rather than how this response is concurrently modulated across multiple muscles. Here we investigated such concurrent modulation by having participants execute goal-directed reaches to visual targets after mechanical perturbations of the shoulder, elbow, or wrist while measuring activity from six muscles that articulate these joints. We found that shoulder, elbow, and wrist muscles displayed goal-dependent modulation of the long-latency stretch response, that the relative magnitude of participants' goal-dependent activity was similar across muscles, that the temporal onset of goal-dependent muscle activity was not reliably different across the three joints, and that shoulder muscles displayed goal-dependent activity appropriate for counteracting intersegmental dynamics. We also observed that the long-latency stretch response of wrist muscles displayed goal-dependent modulation after elbow perturbations and that the long-latency stretch response of elbow muscles displayed goal-dependent modulation after wrist perturbations. This pattern likely arises because motion at either joint could bring the hand to the visual target and suggests that the nervous system rapidly exploits such simple kinematic redundancy when processing sensory feedback to support goal-directed actions.

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“…Not only induction of activity in the cortical M1 cells was involved with integration of information inputs from other areas of the nervous system, but also the activation of specific descending commands via the M1 neurons appeared to extract different muscle synergies at the spinal cord (normal vs. stroke patients) to accomplish a certain task as reported by Cheung et al 22 . Instrumented activation of M1 neurons have also been seen to activate muscle synergies as a response (in the form of postural adjustment) to sudden perturbation to the physical plant 23 .…”

Section: Research On the Motor Cortex And Population Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different long loop reflexes likely activated specific sets of spinal modules inducing corrections for changing initial conditions in the environment. Temporal EMG latencies associated with such integrated motor behavior point towards simultaneous involvement of multiple areas of the brain towards executing complex motor tasks [23][24] . The MPs, the IMs and cortical M1 activation seem to work simultaneously and mutually to execute effective and meaningful motor behavior with moment-to-moment refining motor output of the physical plant.…”

Section: Integration and Executionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Muscular Control of Coordinated and Effective Movements: Revisiting Modular Concepts in the CNS

Mahato

2015

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol

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Neurophysiologic analysis of motor behavior has become one of the prime research areas in the domain of Physiology and hence it has seen tremendous development integrated research in this field over the years. This short review discusses the broad approaches which favors to understand effective neural control of motor behavior. The focus of this review is to recognize the gradual evolution of basic ideas regarding execution of coordinated and effective movements. The integrated roles of the spinal cord, the cerebellum and the motor cortex in context of voluntary movements have been delineated with citation of important research observations made in the field of motor control. Internet database related to human motor behavior studies were extensively searched to map the chronological development of important research methods and newer findings in this field. The span of the text ranges from the development of the idea of Motor Primitives to Brain-Machine Interfaces. It is observed that several 'basic' neural modules are preserved through ontogeny and phylogeny. Different combination of hierarchical modular functioning provides a wide range of plasticity required for coordinated and effective skillful movements.

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Primary motor cortex underlies multi-joint integration for fast feedback control

Cited by 316 publications

References 29 publications

Adaptation Paths to Novel Motor Tasks Are Shaped by Prior Structure Learning

Adaptation Paths to Novel Motor Tasks Are Shaped by Prior Structure Learning

Goal-dependent modulation of the long-latency stretch response at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist

Neuro-Muscular Control of Coordinated and Effective Movements: Revisiting Modular Concepts in the CNS

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