Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Ellenbroek, Guilielmus H.J.M.; Hout, Gerardus P.J. van; Timmers, Leo; Doevendans, Pieter A.; Pasterkamp, Gérard; Hoefer, Imo E.

doi:10.3791/54021

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Before probe introduction, we lubricated the coat’s outer surface with ultrasound gel. To avoid advancement into the porcine pharyngeal pouch, the tongue was lifted with a spatula, and the TEE probe was carefully inserted from the right side of the pig’s pharynx, applying minimum force [ 6 , 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the porcine cardiovascular system closely resembles human anatomy and physiology, swine are frequently used as animal models [3][4][5]. Echocardiography has been widely used in different porcine models such as myocardial infarction [6][7][8][9][10]. However, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in swine is associated with restrictions due to the keel-shaped thorax and narrow spaced ribs [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transesophageal echocardiography in swine: evaluation of left and right ventricular structure, function and myocardial work

Billig

Zayat

Ebeling

et al. 2020

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging

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This study aimed to determine standard left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) measurements in swine. Additionally, global myocardial work index (GWI) was estimated using pressure-strain loops (PSL). A comprehensive TEE examination was conducted in ten anesthetized, intubated and mechanically ventilated healthy female German landrace swine, weighing 44 to 57 kg. For GWI calculation, we performed LV and RV segmental strain analysis and used invasively measured LV and RV pressure to obtain PSL. The GWI and further myocardial work indices were calculated from the area of the PSL using commercially available software. Furthermore, hemodynamic measurements were obtained using indwelling catheters. We obtained complete standardized baseline values for left and right ventricular dimensions and function. Biplane LV ejection fraction was 63 ± 7 % and the LV end-diastolic volume was 70.5 ± 5.9 ml. Tissue Doppler estimated peak tricuspid annular systolic velocity was 13.1 ± 1.8 cm/s. The Doppler estimated LV and RV stroke volume index were 75.6 ± 7.2 ml/m2 and 76.7 ± 7.8 ml/m2 respectively. Pulsed wave Doppler derived cardiac output correlated well with cardiac output estimated using the thermodilution method (7.0 ± 1.2 l/min vs. 7.0 ± 1.1 l/min, r = 0.812, p = 0.004). The LV global longitudinal strain was -21.3 ± 3.9 % and the RV global longitudinal strain was -15.4 ± 2.5 %. LV GWI was 1885(1281–2121) mmHg*% and 297 ± 62 mmHg*% for the RV. LV global myocardial work efficiency was 82.6 ± 4 % and 83(72–88) % for the RV. TEE offers sufficient morphological, functional and hemodynamic assessment of the heart in swine. Myocardial contractility and mechanics can be reliably evaluated with the non-invasive GWI derived from echocardiography without additional invasive measures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesophageal echocardiography in swine: evaluation of left and right ventricular structure, function and myocardial work

Billig

Zayat

Ebeling

et al. 2020

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging

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“…Before induction of ischemia, and 1 and 8 weeks after reperfusion, all pigs underwent transthoracic and 3D transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) as previously described (Ellenbroek et al, 2016). In short, 3D-TEE images were made using a X7-2T transducer on an iE33 ultrasound device (Philips, Eindhoven, Netherlands).…”

Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Effects of Combined Treatment With GLP-1R Agonist Exenatide and MR Antagonist Potassium Canrenoate on Cardiac Function in Porcine and Murine Chronic Heart Failure Models

et al. 2021

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Background: Ischemia-reperfusion and cardiac remodeling is associated with cardiomyocyte death, excessive fibrosis formation, and functional decline, eventually resulting in heart failure (HF). Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonists are reported to reduce apoptosis and myocardial infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion. Moreover, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have been described to reduce reactive fibrosis and improve cardiac function. Here, we investigated whether combined treatment with GLP-1R agonist exenatide and MRA potassium canrenoate could minimize cardiac injury and limit HF progression in animal models of chronic HF.Methods and Results: Forty female Topigs Norsvin pigs were subjected to 150 min balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Prior to reperfusion, pigs were randomly assigned to placebo or combination therapy (either low dose or high dose). Treatment was applied for two consecutive days or for 8 weeks with a continued high dose via a tunneled intravenous catheter. Using 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining we observed that combination therapy did not affect the scar size after 8 weeks. In line, left ventricular volume and function assessed by three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (baseline, 7 days and 8 weeks), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR, 8 weeks) did not differ between experimental groups. In addition, 36 C57Bl/6JRj mice underwent permanent LAD-occlusion and were treated with either placebo or combination therapy prior to reperfusion, for two consecutive days via intravenous injection, followed by continued treatment via placement of osmotic mini-pumps for 28 days. Global cardiac function, assessed by 3D echocardiography performed at baseline, 7, 14, and 28 days, did not differ between treatment groups. Also, no differences were observed in cardiac hypertrophy, assessed by heart weight/bodyweight and heart weight/tibia length ratio.Conclusion: In the current study, combined treatment with GLP-1R agonist exenatide and MR antagonist potassium canrenoate did not show beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling nor resulted in functional improvement in a small and large animal chronic HF model.

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“…Finally, in the age of artificial intelligence, the mathematical modelling and cumulative interpretation of raw data from different studies is gaining traction [54]. Protocols and endpoints have been established which allow correlation of preclinical outcome with future clinical examinations [55,56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Novel Targets of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Pig Models

Baehr

Klymiuk

Kupatt

2019

IJMS

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Coronary heart diseases are of high relevance for health care systems in developed countries regarding patient numbers and costs. Disappointingly, the enormous effort put into the development of innovative therapies and the high numbers of clinical studies conducted are counteracted by the low numbers of therapies that become clinically effective. Evidently, pre-clinical research in its present form does not appear informative of the performance of treatments in the clinic and, even more relevant, it appears that there is hardly any consent about how to improve the predictive capacity of pre-clinical experiments. According to the steadily increasing relevance that pig models have gained in biomedical research in the recent past, we anticipate that research in pigs can be highly predictive for ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) therapies as well. Thus, we here describe the significance of pig models in IRI, give an overview about recent developments in evaluating such models by clinically relevant methods and present the latest insight into therapies applied to pigs under IRI.

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Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Transesophageal echocardiography in swine: evaluation of left and right ventricular structure, function and myocardial work

Transesophageal echocardiography in swine: evaluation of left and right ventricular structure, function and myocardial work

Neutral Effects of Combined Treatment With GLP-1R Agonist Exenatide and MR Antagonist Potassium Canrenoate on Cardiac Function in Porcine and Murine Chronic Heart Failure Models

Evaluating Novel Targets of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Pig Models

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