Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Nelson, Lawrence M.

doi:10.1056/nejmcp0808697

Cited by 1,014 publications

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“…POI currently affects approximately 1% of female population [2]. While genetic causes can be ascribed to a minority of patients, around 90% of POI cases are considered idiopathic, with no apparent genetic link nor known cause [3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental toxicant induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian pathology and granulosa cell epigenome and transcriptome alterations: ancestral origins of polycystic ovarian syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency

et al. 2018

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Two of the most prevalent ovarian diseases affecting women’s fertility and health are Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Previous studies have shown that exposure to a number of environmental toxicants can promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian disease. In the current study, transgenerational changes to the transcriptome and epigenome of ovarian granulosa cells are characterized in F3 generation rats after ancestral vinclozolin or DDT exposures. In purified granulosa cells from 20-day-old F3 generation females, 164 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (P < 1 x 10−6) were found in the F3 generation vinclozolin lineage and 293 DMRs (P < 1 x 10−6) in the DDT lineage, compared to controls. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) were found to be differentially expressed in both the vinclozolin and DDT lineage granulosa cells. There were 492 sncRNAs (P < 1 x 10−4) in the vinclozolin lineage and 1,085 sncRNAs (P < 1 x 10−4) in the DDT lineage. There were 123 lncRNAs and 51 lncRNAs in the vinclozolin and DDT lineages, respectively (P < 1 x 10−4). Differentially expressed mRNAs were also found in the vinclozolin lineage (174 mRNAs at P < 1 x 10−4) and the DDT lineage (212 mRNAs at P < 1 x 10−4) granulosa cells. Comparisons with known ovarian disease associated genes were made. These transgenerational epigenetic changes appear to contribute to the dysregulation of the ovary and disease susceptibility that can occur in later life. Observations suggest that ancestral exposure to toxicants is a risk factor that must be considered in the molecular etiology of ovarian disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental toxicant induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian pathology and granulosa cell epigenome and transcriptome alterations: ancestral origins of polycystic ovarian syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency

et al. 2018

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“…En la forma afolicular, existe una depleción total de folículos ováricos y por lo tanto una pérdida permanente de la función ovárica; en cambio en la forma folicular, es posible encontrar folículos en el ovario, aunque pueden ocurrir procesos patológicos que impidan su función normal; sin embargo, en esta última condición, existe la posibilidad de regresar a una función ovárica, ya sea de forma espontánea o inducida (13,14).…”

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Insuficiencia ovárica prematura: una revisión

O³

2012

Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol.

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a Bióloga. b Químico Fármaco-Biólogo. c Médico. RESUMENLa insuficiencia ovárica prematura se caracteriza por amenorrea primaria o secundaria, hipoestrogenismo y niveles elevados de FSH (hormona folículo estimulante), que afecta a 1 de cada 100 mujeres menores de 40 años. Su etiología es multifactorial. Sólo en algunas pacientes se puede establecer una causa en particular, entre ellas: metabólicas, ambientales, autoinmunes, genéticas y iatrogénicas; siendo idiopáticos alrededor del 90% de los casos. Dentro de las causas genéticas se pueden considerar las alteraciones del cromosoma X y mutaciones en genes candidatos que regulan el desarrollo folicular. El tratamiento debe ser multidisciplinario, enfocado particularmente a la terapia de reemplazo hormonal y prevención de complicaciones. El asesoramiento genético es importante para que se tomen decisiones oportunas, sobre todo en aquellas pacientes que aún tienen la posibilidad de lograr un embarazo.PALABRAS CLAVE: Insuficiencia ovárica prematura, genes candidatos, amenorrea SUMMARYPremature ovarian insufficiency is characterized by primary or secondary amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism and elevated levels of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), which affects 1 in 100 women under 40 years. Its etiology is multifactorial, however, only in some patients can be set a particular cause, including: metabolic, environmental, autoimmune, genetic and iatrogenic, being idiopathic more than 90% of the cases. Some of the genetic causes that can be seen are the X chromosome alterations and mutations in candidate genes that regulate follicular development. Treatment should be multidisciplinary, focusing particularly on hormone replacement therapy and prevention of complications of early menopause. Genetic counseling is important for to make timely decisions, particularly in those patients who still have a chance to get a pregnancy. KEY WORDS: Premature ovarian insufficiency, candidate genes, amenorrhea INTRODUCCIÓNLa insuficiencia ovárica prematura (IOP) también conocida como falla ovárica prematura o menopausia prematura, se define como el cese de la ovulación y las funciones ováricas endocrinas en mujeres menores de 40 años. El término fue propuesto por primera vez en 1942 por Fuller Albright, quién es considerado el padre de la endocrinología (1,2).

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“…It is characterized by primary or secondary amenorrhea for at least 4 months in women under the age of 40, menopausal serum FSH levels (above 40 IU/L) obtained on two occasions at least 1 month apart and low estradiol levels (below 50 pg/mL) [1]. Another indicator is the antiMüllerian hormone (AMH), whose serum levels can help assess the state of follicular senescence, which is a possible predictor of risk for POI [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of primary ovarian insufficiency: a review

Fortuño

Labarta

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Primary ovarian insufficiency is one of the main causes of female infertility owing to an abnormal ovarian reserve. Its relevance has increased in more recent years due to the fact that age of motherhood is being delayed in developed countries, with the risk of having either primary ovarian insufficiency or less chances of pregnancy when women consider the option of having their first baby. Several exogenous factors can lead to this event, such us viral infections, metabolomic dysfunction, autoimmune diseases, and environmental or iatrogenic factors, although in most cases the mechanism that leads to the disorder is unknown. Genetic factors represent the most commonly identified cause and the impact of sex chromosome abnormalities (e.g., Turner syndrome or X structural abnormalities), autosomal and X-linked mutations on the genesis of primary ovarian insufficiency has also been well described. Yet in most cases, the genetic origin remains unknown and there are multiple candidate genes. This review aims to collect all the genetic abnormalities and genes associated with syndromic and non syndromic primary ovarian insufficiency that have been published in the literature to date using the candidate-gene approach and a genome-wide analysis.

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Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Cited by 1,014 publications

References 62 publications

Environmental toxicant induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian pathology and granulosa cell epigenome and transcriptome alterations: ancestral origins of polycystic ovarian syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency

Environmental toxicant induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian pathology and granulosa cell epigenome and transcriptome alterations: ancestral origins of polycystic ovarian syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency

Insuficiencia ovárica prematura: una revisión

Genetics of primary ovarian insufficiency: a review

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