Primary Prevention of Heart Failure

Abstract

Most heart failure research and quality improvement efforts are targeted at treatment and secondary prevention of patients with manifest heart failure. This is distinct from coronary disease where primary prevention has been a focus for over three decades. Given the current importance and the projected worsening of heart failure epidemiology, a more focused effort on prevention is urgently needed.

Life's Simple 7 and Incident Heart Failure: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

“…In the United States, an estimated 5.7 million people have HF, with a total annual cost of $30.7 billion 5. Incidence and substantial economic burden of HF can be decreased by intensifying efforts to reduce modifiable risk factors, such as tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus 1, 6…”

“…5 Incidence and substantial economic burden of HF can be decreased by intensifying efforts to reduce modifiable risk factors, such as tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus. 1,6 The American Heart Association introduced the concept of "ideal cardiovascular health (CVH)" with a focus on risk factor prevention to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). 7 Ideal CVH is defined as meeting the ideal levels for 7 health behaviors and factors called Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metrics.…”

The economic impact of patients with heart failure on the Lebanese healthcare system

“…This includes the cost of healthcare services, medications and lost productivity . HF is the primary diagnosis in more than 1 million hospitalizations annually in the USA . The average length of stay is 6.3 days, and the 6 months readmission rate is roughly 50% .…”

“…4 HF is the primary diagnosis in more than 1 million hospitalizations annually in the USA. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The average length of stay is 6.3 days, and the 6 months readmission rate is roughly 50%. 11 The average cost for each HF hospitalization in the USA is $12 000.…”

Carvedilol as nephroprotective agent: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…23 DHPs may not be superior with regard to primary prevention of heart failure. 24 Hence, carvedilol in patients with chronic renal failure may be preferred in this regard. To conclude, our study supports the nephroprotective efficacy of carvedilol to be superior to beta-1 blockers in patients especially with diabetes as co-morbidity.…”