Primary production under the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica1

Horrigan, Sarah G.

doi:10.4319/lo.1981.26.2.0378

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The only other factor which may play a larger role in regulating the rates of nitrification may be the availability of substrate. Although recent work by Horrigan (1981) has indicated that nitrifiers are active in cold waters (< -2 "C), until this report no organism capable of ammonium oxidation at these temperatures had been isolated. It seems likely that part of the reason Carlucci and Strickland (1968) did not demonstrate low temperature growth with any isolates may have been due to elevated temperatures during initial handling of the samples and the lack of temperature adaptation of their cultures to lower temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In addition to this, the optimum growth temperatures for nitrifiers usually fall within the range of 25 to 35°C. Despite these findings, Horrigan (1981) has recently presented indirect evidence that nitrification is occurring under the Ross Ice Shelf. Antartica, at temperatures below -2"C, and Heneriksen et al (1981) have directly measured nitrification in Danish sediments at 5°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low-temperature growth and whole-cell kinetics of a marine ammonium oxidizer

Jones¹,

Morita²

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An ammonium oxidizing bacterium has been isolated from Alaskan waters that is capable of growth at -5°C Significant differences in the cardinal growth temperatures and ammonium oxidation rates were observed using cells grown at 5 and 25 "C in chemostat culture. Cells grown at 5 "C had a n optimum growth temperature of 22 "C and a maximum of approximately 29 "C. Cells grown at 25°C had an optimum growth temperature of 30 "C and a maximum of approximately 38 "C. Whole-cell kinetic studies failed to define the substrate of the enzyme system as either NH, or N f l , but did indicate that there are physiological differences between cells of this ammonium oxidizer when grown at 5 and 25OC. The data strongly suggest that temperatures close to the environmental temperatures should be used and that adaptation to higher temperatures should be avoided in autoecological studies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature growth and whole-cell kinetics of a marine ammonium oxidizer

Jones¹,

Morita²

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…probably not a major source of oxidized nitrogen nor a significant mechanism of carbon fixation in the Southem Ocean, except perhaps in areas that lack photosynthetic activity, such as under the Ross Ice Shelf [Horrigan, 1981]. Within-ice nitrification, however, may be of much greater consequence, and will be discussed in a subsequent section of this review.…”

Section: It Appears That While Nitrification Is Occurring In Antarctimentioning

confidence: 96%

Microbiological oceanography in the region west of the Antarctic Peninsula: Microbial dynamics, nitrogen cycle and carbon flux

Karl¹,

Christian²,

Dore³

et al. 1996

Foundations for Ecological Research West of the Antarctic Peninsula

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in Southern Ocean habitats and play a vital role in production and transformation of organic matter. Compared to other coastal and oceanic habitats, however, microbial processes in antarctic marine habitats are poorly understood. One major reason is the spatially and temporally variable nature of the habitat and the general inaccessibility of selected habitats (e.g., multi-year pack ice in austral winter). Despite these limitations, the region west of the Antarctic Peninsula is beginning to provide an opportunity for year-round field investigations. Progress to date has focused on the role of microorganisms in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and associated elements, the regulation of bacterial populations and the relationships between primary production and particulate matter export from the euphotic zone. The emergent patterns of carbon and energy flow and of microbial population inter-actions comprise a prospectus and a challenge for future studies in this region.Marine microbes have a major impact on both local and global environments. In addition to their primary metabolic activities, many species produce, or consume, growth-stimulating and growth-suppressing organic compounds (e.g., vitamins, organic toxins), while others emit "greenhouse" or ozone-destroying gases (e.g., methane and nitrous oxide) as normal by-products of cellular metabolism. Complex interactions and nutritional interdependencies of organisms occur in the marine environment. Consequently, it may be inappropriate to extrapolate data derived from pure cultures of laboratory-reared cells to microbial processes in situ.Superimposed on these integrated metabolic processes are numerous physical and chemical interactions that define the complex and temporally variable marine habitat. Some of the higher frequency temporal variability is predictable (e.g., diurnal, tidal, seasonal) but other processes (e.g., storms, volcanic eruptions) are stochastic. On longer time scales (e.g., decades to centuries), coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions and other global processes can cause habitat variability and provide a mechanism for biodiversity or evolutionary change. Such is the complex nature of microbial life in the sea.Of all the marine habitats investigated to date, those in the Southern Ocean are among the least well understood [Fried-ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH WEST OF THE PENINSULA mann, 1993]. Although the antarctic marine environment (including all ocean, sea ice and island components south of the Antarctic Convergence zone) is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth (36 x 106 km 2) [Petit et al., 1991], it is undersampled relative to other more accessible locations. Furthermore, the extreme variability in climate, solar radiation and sea-ice extent yields a physically and biologically variable habitat that is difficult to fully appreciate from a single field expedition. Repeated observations over several years and during all seasons, and comprehensive synoptic assessments of ocean circulation, chemistry and biology will b...

show abstract

“…Under sea ice in Antarctica (Horrigan, 1981), an anchialine cave in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Pohlman et al, 1997) and the Mississippi River Plume in Gulf of Mexico (Pakulski et al, 2000b) are examples. In these cases, the significance of autotrophic nitrification as an in situ source of organic carbon is enhanced relative to the production of organic matter by photosynthesis.…”

Section: Nitrifying Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 98%