Primary productivity by symbiont-bearing planktonic sarcodines (Acantharia, Radiolaria, Foraminifera) in surface waters near Bermuda

Caron, David A.; Michaels, Anthony F.; Swanberg, Neil R.; Howse, F.

doi:10.1093/plankt/17.1.103

Cited by 114 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, the ability of foraminifera to acquire N from feeding, and their resulting inherent excess of N, is likely one of the drivers of the hostsymbiont relationship (Jorgensen et al 1985). In this context, perhaps the most important role of the symbionts from the perspective of the N isotopes is to partially transform foraminifera into primary producers (Caron et al 1995), reducing their ammonium excretion into the environment. The excretion of low-d 15 N ammonium is what drives zooplankton (and animals in general) to be higher in d 15 N than their food source (Checkley and Miller 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from the modern ocean and recent sediments

Ren

Sigman

Thunell

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from the modern ocean and recent sediments

Ren

Sigman

Thunell

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Foraminifera and Radiolaria (supergroup Rhizaria) are important components of open-ocean planktonic communities due to their abundance, predation, and contribution to the vertical fl ux of organic matter, and as primary producers, as some taxa form conspicuous symbiotic associations with microalgae (Swanberg and Caron 1991 ;Caron et al 1995 ;Lampitt et al 2009 ). Both Foraminifera and Radiolaria synthesize mineral skeletons composed of long spines (up to 1 mm long), and possess amoeboid cytoplasmic strands, which extend outward into the environment.…”

Section: Rhizariamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rates of primary production derived from foraminiferal and radiolarian cells generally exceed rates of primary production in equivalent volumes of the surrounding seawater by more than four orders of magnitude. The total production of symbiotic microalgae typically contributes to approximately 1 % of the total primary production in surface waters, and occasionally accounts for up to 20 % during periods of high host cell densities (Michaels 1988 ;Caron et al 1995 ).…”

Section: Rhizariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosymbiosis in Marine Planktonic Protists

2015

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Some of the most enigmatic components in the plankton are the diverse eukaryotic protists that live in close association with one or more partners. Mutualistic and commensal planktonic interactions are most commonly encountered in the oligotrophic open ocean at tropical and subtropical latitudes. They are functionally and ecologically distinct, and involve a great taxonomic diversity of single-celled partners. Protists like Foraminifera, Radiolaria, dinofl agellates and diatoms can all harbor microalgal symbionts of eukaryotic and prokaryotic origin inside (endosymbiosis) and/or outside (ectosymbiosis) their cytoplasm. Such symbioses (photosymbioses) combine phototrophy, heterotrophy and sometimes dinitrogen (N 2 ) fi xation (reduction of N 2 to ammonium). Symbiotic microorganisms therefore represent an important component of marine ecosystems and play a role in the food web and biogeochemical cycling (e.g., carbon and nitrogen). Despite their important ecological function and early recognition in the late nineteenth century, our knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and metabolic exchanges for many of the photosymbioses remains rudimentary compared with the other marine and terrestrial symbioses. Recent technical advances in single-cell genomics and imaging have greatly improved our understanding about planktonic symbioses. This review aims to present and compare many eukaryote-eukaryote and eukaryote-prokaryote photosymbioses described so far in the open ocean with an emphasis on their ecology and potential function in the ecosystem.

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“…Carbon content was calculated from the bio-volume using conversion factors. Conversion factors were obtained from Putt & Stoecker (1989) for ciliates, from Lessard (1991) for dinoflagellates, from Caron et al (1995) for sarcodines and from Strathmann (1967) for diatoms and silicoflagellate species.…”

Section: Microplankton Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in latitude and dominant diazotrophic community alter N2 fixation

Raes

Waite

McInnes

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The contribution of planktonic diazotrophs to the overall N budget is a key unknown in the eastern Indian Ocean. Here we investigated the relationships between dissolved inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton pigment composition, microbial community structure, nitrogen fixation rates and the δ 15 N of fractionated zooplankton samples along the shelf break of Western Australia (32° to 12°S) in September 2012. Bulk nitrogen fixation rates declined from 4.8 nmol l −1 h −1 in the colder and more saline sub-tropical waters at higher latitudes to 1.5 nmol l −1 h −1 in the warmer and fresher Timor Sea at lower latitudes. A regional bloom of Trichodesmium was identified between 13° and 9°S in the Timor Sea. Trichodesmium-specific N 2 fixation rates were 0.05 ± 0.01 nmol colony −1 h −1. Highest dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations occurred at the highest NH 4 + :NO 3 − ratios, thereby deviating from the paradigm that greater DIN concentrations come primarily from increased NO 3 − through advection, mixing or upwelling. Both the microplankton and nanoflagellate fraction declined significantly in warmer waters, with higher DIN concentrations but decreasing % NO 3 − . A clear increase in the prokaryotic diagnostic pigment zeaxanthin was seen with increasing temperatures from higher to lower latitudes. The microbial community, measured using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), clustered strongly according to the water mass biogeochemistry including temperature, salinity, DIN and phosphate concentrations (p < 0.001). Isotope analysis suggested that injections of low δ 15 N from N 2 fixation lowered the zooplankton δ 15 N signature of animals up to ~500 µm in size and that nearly 47% of the fixed nitrogen was used by zooplankton (≤500 µm fraction) in the Timor Sea.

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Primary productivity by symbiont-bearing planktonic sarcodines (Acantharia, Radiolaria, Foraminifera) in surface waters near Bermuda

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrogen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from the modern ocean and recent sediments

Nitrogen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from the modern ocean and recent sediments

Photosymbiosis in Marine Planktonic Protists

Changes in latitude and dominant diazotrophic community alter N2 fixation

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