Primary Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Breast: Study of Three Cases at One Institution with a Review of Primary Breast Sarcomas

Shin, Junyoung; Kim, Hee Jeong; Kim, Dae-Yeon; Gong, Gyungyub; Cho, Kyung–Ja

doi:10.4132/jptm.2019.07.22

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although the RMS is a relatively classic malignancy, which can be identified by an experienced pathologist with Haematoxylin-Eosin and only confirmed by the immunohistochemical stains, its rare variants might induce challenges in daily practice. The most common histologic variants of RMS are the embryonal-, botryoid-, alveolar- and pleomorphic subtype[ 7 , 8 ], the latter also being the predominant component of our case. For the diagnosis of sarcomas with dual components, it is mandatory that the histological examination of tumour cells be completed by a large panel of immunohistochemical markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Primary rhabdomyosarcoma: An extremely rare and aggressive variant of male breast cancer

Satala¹,

Jung

Bara³

et al. 2020

WJCC

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BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the breast, a mesenchymal neoplasm with skeletal muscle differentiation, is an extremely rare tumour in males, with less than 30 cases published in English-language literature. We report on the first case of a male breast RMS, with an unusual ectomesenchymal/neuroectodermal component. CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old, previously healthy male, underwent a radical left mastectomy for an ulcerated tumour mass, occupying the breast and left anterior thoracic wall. The biopsy specimen indicated the presence of a tumour with neural origins, namely a peripheral neuroectodermal tumour (PNET). The surgical specimens identified two components. The rhabdomyosarcomatous component (over 70%) was represented by large pleomorphic cells with positivity for desmin, sarcomeric actin and myogenin. The PNET-like ectomesenchymal component, which was admixed with the RMS cells, and was also revealed during the preoperative biopsy, consisted of small cells which expressed neurofilament, neuron specific enolase and CD99. The microscopic examination, along with the immunohistochemical profile, allowed the diagnosis of an RMS, with unusual ectomesenchymal differentiation. The patient refused the postoperative oncologic therapy and died three months after surgery. CONCLUSION In patients with RMS of the breast, the PNET-like ectomesenchymal component increases the diagnosis difficulty, especially in biopsy specimens. This differentiation can be immunohistochemically proven and might highlight the possible development of high-grade sarcoma of the breast from remnants of the embryological ectodermal layer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…To the best of our knowledge, none of the 30 cases of breast RMS, which were previously published in existing English literature[ 2 ], were reported in males, despite the fact that the RMSs with other localizations, such as those of the head and neck region, are mostly found in men[ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma: An extremely rare and aggressive variant of male breast cancer

Satala¹,

Jung

Bara³

et al. 2020

WJCC

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“…The number of cases reported so far in the English literature is about 30, and most of them are in childhood and adolescence [22][23][24]. Most of the reported cases are alveolar RMS, followed by the embryonal RMS variant [22][23][24]. Cytologically, smears are generally cellular and tumor cells are usually round, spindle shaped, or stellate shaped.…”

Section: Rhabdomyosarcoma (Especially Embryonal and Alveolar Variants)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common sarcoma in the breast is phyllodes tumor in childhood and angiosarcoma in adults [22][23][24]. The number of cases reported so far in the English literature is about 30, and most of them are in childhood and adolescence [22][23][24]. Most of the reported cases are alveolar RMS, followed by the embryonal RMS variant [22][23][24].…”

Section: Rhabdomyosarcoma (Especially Embryonal and Alveolar Variants)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Small Cell Malignancies of the Breast: Are They Rare Malignancies?

Behzatoğlu

Schmitt

2021

Acta Cytologica

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In contrast with the other organs such as the lung, small cell tumors have been less studied in the breast due to their relatively less frequency. Although rare, neuroendocrine neoplasms, some lymphomas, and some small cell sarcomas such as undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma can be seen in small cell morphology in the breast. Many cytological specimens such as fine-needle aspiration biopsies and touch imprint cytology are used for diagnosis and further prognostic/predictive marker determination in primary breast masses, sentinel and axillary lymph nodes, and metastatic masses. Lobular carcinoma deserves to be considered in the small cell tumor group because of its small, monomorphic, discohesive, scant cytoplasmic cytological features. Since so many different types of tumors in the breast can have small cell characteristics, they should be divided into small cell neuroendocrine tumors and small cell nonneuroendocrine tumors. When evaluating small cell breast tumors cytologically, wide tumor diversity should be kept in mind, and clinical, hematological, and radiological features should be taken into consideration.

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“… 4 It seldom manifests in the breast, and its diagnosis and treatment have rarely been reported. 5 RMS of the breast, including primary and recurrence, is exceedingly rare, with only about 32 cases reported thus far in the English literature. Over the years, although research concerning malignant tumors has made substantial progress, a few reports have described the diagnosis and treatment of malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast with RMS components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast: An extremely rare case of recurrence with only rhabdomyosarcoma components

Liu

Shioya

et al. 2022

SAGE Open Medical Case Reports

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Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare disease that typically occurs in children. Rhabdomyosarcoma seldom occurs in the breast, and its diagnosis and treatment have infrequently been reported. The present case is a rare one of a recurrent malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast with only rhabdomyosarcoma components. A 69-year-old woman received a diagnosis of borderline phyllodes tumor of the left breast and underwent partial mastectomy. During follow-up, a left breast mass was found 1 year and 8 months after the previous surgery. Based on examination findings, it was suspected to be recurrent phyllodes tumor, so total left mastectomy was performed in our hospital. After the surgery, immunostaining failed to determine the epithelial component which may be produced by the proliferative part of stromal cells of previous phyllodes tumors. However, we could not exclude the possibility that this was a new tumor. After comparing samples with specimens from the first operation, it was finally determined to be a malignant phyllodes tumor with a rhabdomyosarcoma component. Therefore, chemotherapy was given, and vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide therapy was introduced. At the same time, radiation therapy was planned. Among phyllodes tumors, cases involving rhabdomyosarcoma components are very rare, especially those where the recurrence morphology only shows the same rhabdomyosarcoma components. This was a rare case with unique characteristics and great reference value.

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Primary Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Breast: Study of Three Cases at One Institution with a Review of Primary Breast Sarcomas

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma: An extremely rare and aggressive variant of male breast cancer

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma: An extremely rare and aggressive variant of male breast cancer

Primary Small Cell Malignancies of the Breast: Are They Rare Malignancies?

Recurrent malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast: An extremely rare case of recurrence with only rhabdomyosarcoma components

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