Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: Case report and systematic review of the literature

Struller, Florian; Senne, Moritz; Falch, Claudius; Kirschniak, Andreas; Königsrainer, Alfred; Müller, Sven

doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.06.011

Cited by 37 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…4 Positivity for endothelial markers such as CK5/6 and CK7 confirms a carcinoma of squamous cell origin, 5,10 while negativity for TT1 and thyroglobulin helps rule out more common thyroid neoplasms including papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. 1 Positivity for p53 and p63, markers of poor differentiation, further supports the diagnosis of this undifferentiated tumor. 5,7 PAX8 positivity within the squamous cell carcinoma confirms a primary thyroid etiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Three theories to explain its development are (1) an embryonic origin involving branchial arch or thyroglossal duct rem- nants; (2) metaplastic transformations secondary to chronic inflammatory thyroiditis; or (3) a dedifferentiation of existing anaplastic, papillary, or medullary carcinomas. 1,[3][4][5] The latter of these theories has led some to consider PSCCT as a variant of anaplastic carcinoma, although the association of PSCCT to anaplastic carcinoma remains unclear. PSCCT tends to affect females in the seventh decade of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The prognosis of patients with PSCCT tends to be poor; patients have a median survival of 6-9 months, with mortality usually secondary to progression of local disease, respiratory compromise, distant metastases, or treatment complications. 1,6…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While locoregional surgery and chemoradiation therapy may improve the length of survival, the prognosis of patients with PSCCT is poor. 1 We report a rare case of PSCCT and provide a brief review of the literature regarding incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Raggio

Barr

Ghandour

et al. 2019

TOJ

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Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare malignancy of the head and neck, with fewer than 60 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of PSCCT and provide a brief review of the literature. Case Report: A 66-year-old female with a history of a hemithyroidectomy for a benign thyroid lesion presented with 3 months of progressively worsening compressive symptoms and shortness of breath. Physical examination revealed right-sided thyromegaly and right-sided true vocal fold immobility. Preoperative imaging with ultrasound and computed tomography scan confirmed an enlarged right thyroid, as well as right anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, subglottic stenosis, and bilateral pulmonary nodules. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid was suggestive of carcinoma. Intraoperative findings of gross tracheal invasion during a planned completion thyroidectomy prompted limited resection and impromptu tracheotomy. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed a squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid origin. Further oncologic workup with core lung biopsy and positron emission tomography scan demonstrated metastasis to the lung and cervical spine. Palliative chemotherapy was begun, but the patient died 1 week into therapy. Conclusion: PSCCT is a rare but aggressive malignancy of the head and neck. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations are essential for diagnosis. While locoregional surgery and radiation therapy may improve the length of survival, the prognosis of patients with PSCCT is poor. Physicians should be mindful of this unique but deadly disease process, as early diagnosis and rapid treatment initiation are essential to optimize treatment outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Raggio

Barr

Ghandour

et al. 2019

TOJ

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“…The patients' survival rates were higher for large cell, non-keratinized squamous cell carcinoma and were lower for spindle cell and micro-invasive squamous cell carcinomas. Due to the rarity of the disease, there are only a few cases of PSCCT that are confirmed by the combination of clinical features, thyroid ultrasound, and iconography in the preoperative diagnosis (7). Since the diagnosis of PSCCT requires the diagnosis of exclusion, previous studies aimed at the exclusion of metastases from other primary sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Presenting as the Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report

Zheng

Huang

2020

Front. Surg.

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Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is an uncommon malignancy that is difficult to diagnose and differentiate. There is no consensus for the early clinical, radiological, or ultrasonic identification of PSCCT before pathological changes are observed in patients. There is also no suitable treatment due to the absence of a definite diagnosis. Case Presentation: A 76-year-old female patient complained about a rapidly growing cervical mass, dyspnea, dysphagia, and a change in her voice. Based on the results of thyroid ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration, and plain and enhanced CT, the patient was initially diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Thereafter, we removed the mass that was the patient's main complaint. The gross examination of the patient's symptoms also supported our previous diagnosis. However, her disease was finally diagnosed as PSCCT, according to the histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings of the mass. Conclusion: Our case highlights the need for a comprehensive framework in the management of PSCCT. The more auxiliary examinations (e.g., ultrasonographic, radiology, or biopsy examinations) we take, the more likely we are to identify this disease. Immunohistochemistry is currently the preferred examination for the diagnosis of PSCCT, while surgical resection combined with radio-sensitizing therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy is the main treatment method for PSCCT.

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A case report of papillary thyroid carcinoma dedifferentiated to squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a lung metastasis: A potential diagnostic pitfall

Gadde

Tafe

Tsapakos

et al. 2020

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tall cell variant (TCV) with squamous dedifferentiation is a rare entity. We present a case of 90‐year‐old woman who initially had a 2.8 cm conventional PTC in right lobe of thyroid who, couple decades later, had metastatic dedifferentiated PTC to right neck lymph nodes level II and IV with tall cell features; to right level IV and V lymph nodes with tall cell and squamous components, which recently presented exclusively as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metastasizing to lung. The squamous component in the lymph node and SCC in the lung were both positive for squamous marker p63 and PTC markers TTF1, PAX‐8 and BRAF V600E while negative for thyroglobulin and p16. The papillary component was positive for TTF‐1, BRAF V600E and P63 (majority); negative for thyroglobulin and p16. Final diagnoses were rendered based on combination of cytological features and immunohistochemical profiles. This report highlights the utilization of current biomarkers to distinguish between metastatic dedifferentiated PTC with squamous features and primary lung SCC, as well as the importance of recognizing this rare entity.

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Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: Case report and systematic review of the literature

Abstract: HighlightsRare malignancy with poor prognosis.Survival only achieved in early stages with complete resection in combination with adjuvant therapy.Treatment analog to anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid

A Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Presenting as the Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report

A case report of papillary thyroid carcinoma dedifferentiated to squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a lung metastasis: A potential diagnostic pitfall

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