Primary squamous‐cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: New evidence in support of follicular epithelial cell origin

Sahoo, Manoranjan; Bal, Chandrasekhar; Bhatnagar, Divya

doi:10.1002/dc.10178

Cited by 56 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Loss of thyroglubulin in cancer cells is expected in SCC [10]. Nevertheless, in 2 cases, reported by Sahoo et al, both showed thyroglobulin staining positivity [12]. Now it is evident that the cell of origin might be from the follicular epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Among benign lesions, Hashimoto's thyroiditis can show squamous differentiation [24,25]. This issue, concerning the origin of SCC, has been discussed by Sahoo et al [12]. They suggested that we should expect a higher occurrence of SCC if the theory based on metaplasia was true.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first primary SCC case was reported by von Karst in 1858. However, approximately 150 cases have been published until recently in the English literature [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The tumor behaves aggressively and is clinically identical to an undifferentiated thyroid cancer.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Report of Three Cases

et al. 2008

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Abstract. We report three cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid, which is an unusual malignant tumor that needs to be distinguished from other thyroid pathologies due to its aggressive behaviour. Three men, with an average of 63 years old, presented with progressive enlargement in the neck, hoarse voice or weight loss. Physical and radiological examinations revealed clues where malignancy was suspected and surgical resections were performed. Histopathological examination of the specimens was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Proper workup excluded the possibility of any primary site of SCC other than the thyroid. All patients died within 5 months. Adjuvant therapy evaluation is still inconclusive. Complete surgical resection still remains the primary choice for cure. We believe that radical resection with clear surgical margins followed by adjuvant chemo-radiation therapy is a curative strategy for achieving any chance of long-term survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Report of Three Cases

et al. 2008

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“…1,2 Metastasis or direct extension of squamous cell carcinoma from adjacent structures such as the larynx, esophagus, or trachea is much more common. 3 Proposed etiologies for the development of PSCCT in a gland that normally does not contain squamous epithelium include squamous metaplasia of follicular epithelial cells in the face of chronic inflammation [4][5][6] , squamous differentiation of other thyroid neoplasms 7 , or the presence of embrionic rests in remnants such as the thyroglossal duct or ultimobranchial body. 8,9 Patients usually present in the 5 th to 7 th decades of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Alexander¹,

Weisman²

2009

The Laryngoscope

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Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare head and neck malignancy. A case of PSCCT is presented and the relevant literature reviewed. CASEA 62 year old man with no history of smoking presented with two months of hoarseness. Examination revealed a rock hard mass in the right thyroid lobe. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy demonstrated an immobile right true vocal fold and no mucosal abnormalities. Ultrasound and CT of the neck showed a 1.1 cm calcified right thyroid nodule (Figure 1). No mucosal irregularities or lymphadenopathy were evident on CT. Fine needle aspiration yielded follicular epithelial cells without malignancy. A thyroidectomy was undertaken, but the gland had an atypical appearance, and only an incisional biopsy was performed. The entire right lobe was enlarged, firm, and contained a small calcified cyst. A fibrous lesion with inflammatory cells and no malignancy was reported on frozen section. Permanent sections revealed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Full-body PET showed intense hypermetabolic activity in the right thyroid lobe only ( Figure 2). The patient next underwent total thyroidectomy (Figure 3), and frozen sections revealed invasion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, and the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. He later underwent total laryngectomy. Final pathology showed clear margins and no evidence of a laryngeal primary (Figure 4). Postoperatively he received 66 Gy of radiation with concurrent cisplatin. A repeat PET scan 6 months after completion of therapy showed no evidence of disease. DISCUSSION PSCCT is extremely rare, with approximately 150 cases described in the English literature. 1 Of all thyroid malignancies, only 0.7% are PSCCT. 1,2 Metastasis or direct extension of squamous cell carcinoma from adjacent structures such as the larynx, esophagus, or trachea is much more common. 3 Proposed etiologies for the development of PSCCT in a gland that normally does not contain squamous epithelium include squamous metaplasia of follicular epithelial cells in the face of chronic inflammation 4-6 , squamous differentiation of other thyroid neoplasms 7 , or the presence of embrionic rests in remnants such as the thyroglossal duct or ultimobranchial body. 8,9 Patients usually present in the 5 th to 7 th decades of life. 2,3 Several series have reported a higher incidence in women. 2,3 Presentation and course are similar to that of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. A rapidly enlarging neck mass and hoarseness are common presenting complaints. 3 The tumors tend to be advanced at presentation and invasion of the trachea, esophagus, and recurrent laryngeal nerve is common. 1,3 Reported outcomes have been poor relative to other squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck with few patients surviving beyond 18 months despite aggressive treatment. 3,10 The handful of reported long-term survivors underwent complete surgical excision followed by radiotherapy. 10 Although chemoradiotherapy alone has been ineffective in treating PSCCT 10 , adding chemotherapy as a r...

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“…from metaplastic transformation of native follicular epithelia [3]. The exact etiology for primary thyroid malignancy is not known.…”

Section: Gooptu Et Al 617mentioning

confidence: 99%