Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: a case report

Xin, Sixu; Li, Wěi; Yuan, Ning; Shen, Chao; Zhang, Dongdong; Chai, Shude

doi:10.1177/03000605211004702

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recently, it has been reported that S-100A9 is a marker of squamous cell origin and is diffusely expressed in thyroid squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma with squamous cell components, while it is only scattered and focally expressed in CASTLE, which is helpful for the differentiation between them ( 12 ). Thyroid squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma have a high degree of malignancy and are treated differently from thymoid-differentiated carcinoma ( 18 , 19 ). The different diagnosis and treatment processes for patients will directly affect the prognosis of patients, so it is particularly important to distinguish them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: Thymoid differentiated carcinoma of thyroid: Two cases

Zhao

Liu

2023

Front. Surg.

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ObjectiveThymoid carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a rare thyroid tumor, which is often presented in case reports.MethodsThe clinical data of two patients with thymic carcinoma of the thyroid gland were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsCase 1: a middle-aged woman who was admitted to the hospital because of “progressive enlargement of the anterior cervical mass for 8 months.” Color Doppler ultrasound and CT showed malignant tumor with high possibility of bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis. Total thyroidectomy and bilateral central cervical lymph node dissection were performed. Lymph node biopsy showed the metastasis of small cell undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. Because the biopsy pathological result was not consistent with the pathology of the primary lesion, immunohistochemistry was performed again, and the final diagnosis was thymic carcinoma in the thyroid gland. Case 2: the patient was an elderly man who was admitted to the hospital due to hoarseness for half a month. During the operation, the tumor invaded the trachea, esophagus, internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, and surrounding tissues. Palliative resection of the tumor was performed. The tumor postoperative pathology suggested thymoid carcinoma of the thyroid gland. It recurred and compressed the trachea 4 months after the operation, resulting in dyspnea of the patient, and finally tracheotomy was performed to alleviate the symptoms.ConclusionCase 1 showed multiple differences in pathological diagnosis, suggesting that the lack of specific imaging and clinical manifestations of thymoid-differentiated thyroid carcinoma made the diagnosis so difficult. Case 2 progressed rapidly, suggesting that thymoid-differentiated thyroid carcinoma was not always inert, and the treatment and follow-up should follow the principle of individualization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: Thymoid differentiated carcinoma of thyroid: Two cases

Zhao

Liu

2023

Front. Surg.

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“…Therefore, in any patient with a known history of tumors, one should be alert to the potential risk of metastasis when a new thyroid mass is present. The location of the mass may provide a guide to the location of the primary tumor ( 15 ).…”

Section: Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The likely primary site can be determined by reviewing the patient’s medical history and physical examination, but a whole-body exam may also be required ( 15 ).…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a meta-analysis, Jae Keun Cho ( 48 )concluded that the positive predictive value of FNAC for PSCCT may be less than 0.33 ( 28 , 36 , 45 ). and that FNAC is misdiagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma or non-diagnostic lesions in more than 50% of patients with PSCCT ( 15 ).…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, PAX-8 ( 50 ) is a vital biomarker and has excellent value in differentiating primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Positive PAX-8 usually suggests PSCCT, whereas negative results suggest metastatic SCC from other sites ( 15 , 53 , 59 ).…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in diagnosing and treating thyroid squamous cell carcinoma under the 5th edition of WHO classification

Ding,

Gao,

Ran

2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (SCCT) is a rare thyroid gland malignancy, with only a few hundred cases reported in the literature, mostly as case reports or small sample studies. In the previous WHO classification, squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid was defined as a carcinoma composed entirely of squamous cells without differentiated carcinoma components. It was once included in the WHO tumor classification separately. However, the 2022 WHO classification of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid was reclassified as a morphologic subtype of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). The squamous cell carcinoma pattern is similar to the other histologic types of ATC, but the phenotype associated has a poorer prognosis. The typical clinical manifestation of this condition is a cervical mass, accompanied by indications and symptoms of compression on adjacent structures such as the esophagus and trachea in advanced stages. Secondary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid may occur due to the spread of squamous carcinoma of the larynx or esophagus or distant metastases from other sites. Diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid includes neck Ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), puncture tissue biopsy, and full endoscopy to identify metastatic lesions from the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus, or bronchi and to help with the initial staging of the tumor. Current treatment modalities include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. Because of the poor prognosis of patients with this disease, the short survival period, usually less than one year, and the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis, this article reviews the epidemiological features, origin, clinical features, pathological features, and differential diagnosis to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease by clinicians.

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Primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Two case reports

et al. 2022

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This study reports two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (SCCT) presenting as the thyroid goiter, involving one case of primary squamous cell carcinoma originating from the thyroid (PSCCT) and the other case of secondary SCCT of the thyroid. A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological findings was done in this study report. In case 1, the thyroid ultrasound showed multi-hypoechoic well-defined nodules, labeled as 3 using Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System, measuring 34.1 mm × 28.9 mm × 30.3 mm and 26.5 mm × 22.2 mm × 23.9 mm in the left in the right lobar thyroid, respectively. The patient underwent surgery and was histologically diagnosed with PSCCT. In case 2, the thyroid ultrasound showed a 25.2 mm × 22.2 mm × 18.8 mm hypoechoic nodule in the right lobar thyroid. The patient underwent a frozen biopsy, the results of which increased suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma. A frozen biopsy was followed by an endoscopic evaluation that detected an ulcerative mass measuring 3.0 cm within the mucosa of esophagus. Due to a scarcity of cases, SCCT is a great challenge for the pathologists and the managing team to come up with the best treatment strategy for the patients.

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Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: a case report

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Case report: Thymoid differentiated carcinoma of thyroid: Two cases

Case report: Thymoid differentiated carcinoma of thyroid: Two cases

Progress in diagnosing and treating thyroid squamous cell carcinoma under the 5th edition of WHO classification

Primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Two case reports

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