Primary structure of the histone H2A and H2B genes and their flanking sequences in a minor histone gene cluster of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

Moorman, Antoon F.M.; Boer, Piet A. J. de; Laaf, R.T.M. De; Destrée, Olivier

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80645-5

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…195 of O'Hare and Rubin (31) No. 746 of Barrois et al (2) 71 bp 3' of stop codon 200-300 bp 3' of H4 gene (27) 55 in Alu upstream of Gy and 8 (16) in Alu sequence 1.5 kb 5' of E AUG (1) 92 bp from 3' end of provirus (14) No. 88 of Temple et al (40) 176 bp 5' of mRNA start also 365 bp 5' of 3' end (28) No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA-binding protein, its human homolog, and its possible role as a transcription factor.

Bram¹,

Kornberg²

1987

Mol. Cell. Biol.

162

117

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A protein that binds specifically to Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA element I was purified on the basis of a nitrocellulose filter-binding assay. This protein, termed centromere-binding protein 1 (CP1), was heat stable and renaturable from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and assays of eluates from SDS gels indicated a molecular weight of 57,000 to 64,000. An activity with similar specificity and stability was detected in human lymphocyte extracts, and analysis in SDS gels revealed a molecular weight of 39,000 to 49,000. CP1-binding sites occurred not only at centromeres but also near many transcription units, for example, adjacent to binding sites for the GAL4-positive regulatory protein upstream of the GAL2 gene in S. cerevisiae and adjacent to the TATA element of the adenovirus major late promoter. A factor (termed USF) that binds to the latter site and stimulates transcription has been isolated from HeLa cells by others.Centromeres are specialized regions of eucaryotic chromosomes that form sites of attachment for spindle microtubules in mitosis and meiosis (13,35,36). Little is known of the mechanism of spindle attachment or the molecules involved. We report here on the isolation of a centromere DNA-binding protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its counterpart from human cells.Cloning and deletion analysis of yeast centromeres revealed three contiguous conserved sequences essential to or important for centromere function: centromere DNA element I (CDEI), an 8-base-pair (bp) conserved sequence; CDEII, an apparently random, adenine-plus-thymine (A + T)-rich stretch of approximately 90 bp; and CDEIII, a 25-bp conserved sequence (11,12,17,18,20,21,24,29,32,33,39). Nuclease digestion studies of chromatin containing centromere regions CEN3 and CENII revealed an unusual configuration: 250 bp, including the three conserved DNA elements, are especially protected from digestion (4). Crude fractions from S. cerevisiae bind naked DNA containing centromere sequences (5), but no resolution of the proteins involved has been described.A centromere-specific DNA-binding activity was discovered during recent studies of the GAL4-positive regulatory protein (7 MATERIALS AND METHODSPlasmid DNAs. Plasmid pG2p contains the 5' half of the GAL2 gene (7). Plasmids p181, p113, p200, p201, p203, p202, and p182 containing HindlIl fragments of CENI, CEN4, CEN7, CENII, CEN14, CEN15, and 2,um-STB in YRpJ41ARS1 were kindly provided by P. Hieter (20).Yeast strains and media. BY2 (6) is a protease-deficient strain (pep4-3) carrying the GAL4 gene on a high-copynumber plasmid. YNN 267 (a ura3-52 Ahis3-200 ade2-101 lys2-801 met-Agal4-537) was a gift from M. Johnston. BJ926 (a trpl prcl -126 pep4-3 prbl -1122 can1la his] prcl -126 pep4-3 prbl-1122 can]) was kindly provided by E. Jones. Cells were grown in YP medium (1% yeast extract, 2%Bacto-Peptone) containing 2% glucose to an A6w of 5.Nitrocellulose filter-binding assay and DNase I footprints. Plasmid pG2p DNA was linearized by cleavage with EcoRI, and the recessed 3' ends were fille...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA-binding protein, its human homolog, and its possible role as a transcription factor.

Bram¹,

Kornberg²

1987

Mol. Cell. Biol.

162

117

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“…4) S1-mapping data, and sequencing of histone mRNAs and cDNA clones places the histone mRNA terminus at the sequence 5' CCACCA-OH 3' (5). One chicken H2B gene, together with a Xenopus gene (21) (Fig. 4), contain the sequence 5' CCACCC 3' in this position.…”

Section: Gggtccgctctgggcagccmtgagaagcgmtcgmtttgmccmtgaaacagttatmggmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independently evolving chicken histone H2B genes: identification of a ubiquitous H2B-specific 5′ element

1982

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The DNA sequence of two chicken histone H2B genes has been determined. Both genes code for the same H2B subtype. Except for conserved "promoter" elements, the sequences 5' to the protein coding regions are completely divergent, indicating that the genes are distantly related and are not evolving in concert. This presents an ideal situation for sequence comparisons. We have discovered a 13 bp, H2B specific homology block, 5' CTCATTTGCATAC 3' located close to the "TATA box". This motif is conserved in all H2B gene leader regions so far sequenced. One of the H2B genes is closely linked, in a divergent arrangement, to an H2A gene, and sequence data suggests that the linked genes share promoter elements.

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“…This UEF was originally identified in HeLa cells, but an analog has been detected in yeasts (1, 8; unpublished data). A UE-like sequence has been found at various locations in several genes of higher eucaryotes including the mouse thymidylate synthase (12) and metallothionein 1 (6) genes, the rat -y fibrinogen promoter (9), the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (29), and the Xenopus laevis histone H2A1 gene (27). This UE-like sequence has also been found in the promoter regions of lower eucaryotic genes such as the GAL2 (3) and arginine tRNA (39) genes as well as in the centromeric DNA element (2) from yeasts.…”

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confidence: 99%

The mammalian upstream element factor recognizes two sites in the adenovirus type 2 IVa2-major late promoter intergenic region and stimulates both promoters

Moncollin

Kempf

Egly

1990

J Virol

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The adenovirus type 2 major late upstream element factor (UEF) recognizes two similar elements that lie between the major late promoter (MLP) and IVa2 promoter cap sites (the previously characterized MLP-UE from nucleotides-49 to-67 and the IVa2-UE from nucleotides-98 to-122). DNase I footprinting and gel retention assays showed that the UEF has a lower affinity for the IVa2-UE than for the MLP-UE. In vitro transcription experiments demonstrated first that the IVa2 promoter, which lacks a consensus TATA box, may work, as does the MLP, in the absence of its proximal upstream element and second that the IVa2-UE stimulated IVa2 transcription two-to threefold, as MLP-UE did for the MLP. In addition, we demonstrated that the more distal upstream element has a weak stimulatory effect on transcription of both promoters.

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Primary structure of the histone H2A and H2B genes and their flanking sequences in a minor histone gene cluster of Xenopus laevis

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Isolation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA-binding protein, its human homolog, and its possible role as a transcription factor.

Isolation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA-binding protein, its human homolog, and its possible role as a transcription factor.

Independently evolving chicken histone H2B genes: identification of a ubiquitous H2B-specific 5′ element

The mammalian upstream element factor recognizes two sites in the adenovirus type 2 IVa2-major late promoter intergenic region and stimulates both promoters

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