Primary structure of the hydrogenosomal adenylate kinase of Trichomonas vaginalis and its phylogenetic relationships

Länge, Siegfried; Rozario, Catherine; Müller, Miklós

doi:10.1016/0166-6851(94)90156-2

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The clustering of hydrogenosomal AK from Trichomonas with AK2s is incompatible with the report of L/inge et al [31] that AK from Trichomonas has no close relationship to any of the AK subfamilies. The difference is mainly attributed to the method for computation of evolutionary distance; the evolutionary similarity was taken into account in our study, but not so in that of L~inge et al The bootstrap probability of the branch separating the AK2 cluster and the others was 87%.…”

Section: K Fukami-kobayashi Et Aiifebs Letters 385 (1996) 214-220contrasting

confidence: 55%

“…A sharp (#) points to the divergence of the eukaryotic three kingdoms in the AK2 subgroup. The sequences used in the tree construction are AKls from human [33], pig [34], rabbit [35], bovine [35], chicken [36] and carp [37], NK (AK homolog, substrate unknown) from Schistosoma [38], UMP-CMP kinases from pig [39] and slime mold [16], uridylate kinase from S. cerevisiae [40], AK2s from bovine [41] and rat [42], AKs from C. elegans [43], S. pombe [27], S. cerevisiae [13], rice [44], Trichomonas [31], AK3s from human [45], bovine [46], rat [42] and S. cerevisiae [47], prokaryotic AKs from Bordetella [48], Haemophilus [49], Salmonella [50], E. coil [51], Lactococcus [24], B. stearothermophilus [52], B. subtilis [23], Paracoccus [53], Mycoplasma [54] and Micrococcus [15], protozoan AK from Giardia [14], chloroplast AK from maize [12] and GKs from pig [55], S. cerevisiae [56] and E. coil [57]. sertion or deletion of 20-30 amino acid residues in homologous proteins reflects the more distant evolutionary relationship than do amino acid replacements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancient divergence of long and short isoforms of adenylate kinase molecular evolution of the nucleoside monophosphate kinase family

et al. 1996

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Adenylate kinases (AK) from vertebrates are separated into three isoforms, AK1, AK2 and AK3, based on structure, subceilular localization and substrate specificity. AK1 is the short type with the amino acid sequence being 27 residues shorter than sequences of the long types, AK2 and AK3. A phylogenetic tree prepared for the AK isozymes and other members of the nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase family shows that the divergence of long and short types occurred first and then differentiation in subeellular localization or substrate specificity took place. The first step involved a drastic change in the three-dimensional structure of the LID domain. The second step was caused mainly by smaller changes in amino acid sequences.

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Section: K Fukami-kobayashi Et Aiifebs Letters 385 (1996) 214-220contrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient divergence of long and short isoforms of adenylate kinase molecular evolution of the nucleoside monophosphate kinase family

et al. 1996

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“…1), which is consistent with the presence of a transit peptide. The length and amino acid composition of the extension are similar to the transit peptides of trichomonad hydrogenosomal proteins (28,29). The presence of the extension, coupled with the observation that the E. histolytica PNT …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Direct evidence for secondary loss of mitochondria in Entamoeba histolytica.

Clark

Roger

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

261

145

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Archezoan protists are thought to represent lineages that diverged from other eukaryotes before acquisition of the mitochondrion and other organelles. The parasite Entamoeba histolytica was originally included in this group. Ribosomal RNA based phylogenies, however, place E. histolytica on a comparatively recent branch of the eukaryotic tree, implying that its ancestors had these structures. In this study, direct evidence for secondary loss of mitochondrial function was obtained by isolating two E. histolytica genes encoding proteins that in other eukaryotes are localized in the mitochondrion: the enzyme pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase and the chaperonin cpn60. Phylogenetic analysis of the E. histolytica homolog of cpn60 confirmed that it is specifically related to the mitochondrial lineage. The data suggest that a mitochondrial relic may persist in this organism. Similar studies are needed in archezoan protists to ascertain which, if any, eukaryotic lineages primitively lack mitochondria.

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“…Sequences are shown for the following genes: actin (accession no. U63122) and AP65 (U18347) (1); HIS H3 (X98016) and HIS H4 (X98017) (23); HSP60 (U26966) (6), Hyd AK (U07203) (20), and HyHSP70 (U27231) (6); MAEA (U16836), MAEB (U16837), MAEC (U16838), and MAED (U16839) (18); MALDH (U38692) (24), p270 (AF004357) (29), and PFK1 (AF044973); PFOA (U16822) and PFOB (U16823) (17); SAHH (U40872) (2); TvHYDA (U19897) and TvHYDB (U26964) (7); and TvSOD6 (AF022423) (45).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a Ubiquitous Promoter Element in a Primitive Eukaryote: Early Evolution of the Initiator Element

Liston

Johnson

1999

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Typical metazoan core promoter elements, such as TATA boxes and Inr motifs, have yet to be identified in early-evolving eukaryotes, underscoring the extensive divergence of these organisms. Towards the identification of core promoters in protists, we have studied transcription of protein-encoding genes in one of the earliest-diverging lineages of Eukaryota, that represented by the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis. A highly conserved element, comprised of a motif similar to a metazoan initiator (Inr) element, surrounds the start site of transcription in all examined T. vaginalis genes. In contrast, a metazoan-like TATA element appears to be absent in trichomonad promoters. We demonstrate that the conserved motif found in T. vaginalis protein-encoding genes is an Inr promoter element. This trichomonad Inr is essential for transcription, responsible for accurate start site selection, and interchangeable between genes, demonstrating its role as a core promoter element. The sequence requirements of the trichomonad Inr are similar to metazoan Inrs and can be replaced by a mammalian Inr. These studies show that the Inr is a ubiquitous, core promoter element for protein-encoding genes in an early-evolving eukaryote. Functional and structural similarities between this protist Inr and the metazoan Inr strongly indicate that the Inr promoter element evolved early in eukaryotic evolution.Typical metazoan promoters use a TATA box, at Ϫ25 to Ϫ30 from the transcription start site, for accurate start site selection by RNA polymerase II (47). Some metazoan promoters, however, lack this TATA box and instead use a functionally analogous initiator element (Inr), with the consensus PyPyA ϩ1 NT/APyPy, to direct transcription initiation (3,15,27,39,40). The Inr is the only element in metazoan proteinencoding genes known to be a functional analog of the TATA box, in that it is sufficient for directing accurate transcription initiation in genes that lack TATA boxes (39). Genes of the Archaea, the ancestor of the eukaryotic cell (46), use TATA boxes to direct initiation but appear to lack metazoan-like Inr elements (43). Recent studies on the transcription of Archaea genes have shown that the minimal proteins required for accurate transcription initiation (TBP, TFIIB, and RNA polymerase) of eukaryotic and archaeal promoters are similar, indicating that they have a common ancestral transcription machinery (34).Despite considerable effort, the quest to identify sequencespecific core promoter elements in early-diverging eukaryotic lineages has been largely unsuccessful. The lack of typical eukaryotic promoters is likely due to the immense divergence that has occurred since these organisms branched from the main line of eukaryotic evolution about a billion years ago. The most highly studied early-evolving eukaryotes are the parasitic protists, which are known for the evolution of unusual molecular mechanisms, such as RNA editing (37) and transcription of protein-encoding genes by RNA polymerase I (35), as found in kinetoplastids. Regu...

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Primary structure of the hydrogenosomal adenylate kinase of Trichomonas vaginalis and its phylogenetic relationships

Cited by 50 publications

References 50 publications

Ancient divergence of long and short isoforms of adenylate kinase molecular evolution of the nucleoside monophosphate kinase family

Ancient divergence of long and short isoforms of adenylate kinase molecular evolution of the nucleoside monophosphate kinase family

Direct evidence for secondary loss of mitochondria in Entamoeba histolytica.

Analysis of a Ubiquitous Promoter Element in a Primitive Eukaryote: Early Evolution of the Initiator Element

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