Primary thyroid lymphoma: a rare but challenging diagnosis

Czopnik, Piotr; Aporowicz, Michał; Niepokój-Czopnik, Agnieszka; Wojtczak, Beata; Domosławski, Paweł; Bolanowski, Marek

doi:10.20452/pamw.4037

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…whereas T-cell lymphomas are rare [14]. Our cases were all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the proportion of female patients was relatively high, with an average age of 62 ± 11 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Multi-modal Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Prognosis for Primary Thyroid Lymphoma Invasiveness

Peng¹,

Yang²,

Yao³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective Sixty-nine patients with primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) were evaluated for diagnostic value and prognosis for PTL invasiveness. Methods We retrospectively (2008–2019) analyzed multi-modal ultrasonic images and clinical characteristics from pathologically confirmed PTL patients. These patients were divided into aggressive PTL(n=46) and indolent PTL(n=23). Results Age(>70 years old) and elevated LDH (lactase dehydrogenase) were statistically different clinical features between aggressive and indolent PTL. From ultrasonic images, 34 cases were nodular, 11 diffused, and 24 mixed. Mixed types displayed high invasiveness (45.7%) while diffuse types displayed higher inertness (39.1%), and differences were statistically significant (P = 0.000). Elastography, invaded thyroid capsule and increased chaotic vascularity also showed significant differences between aggressive and indolent PTL. We observed statistical difference in OS(overall survival rates) between aggressive and indolent PTL(p=0.032). Single factor Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis showed that: age > 70 years old, aggressive pathology, Ki67>30%, elastography scored >3 were positively correlated with the risk of poor prognosis of PTL (P < 0.05).Conclusions Multi-modal ultrasound provides accurate ultrasonographic information, e.g., ultrasound patterns, elastography, invaded thyroid capsules, and hypervascularity, which facilitates PTL invasiveness diagnostics for improved clinical treatment. In addition, PTL patients with age > 70 years old, aggressive pathology, Ki67>30%, elastography scored >3 are more likely to have poor prognosis.

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“…whereas T-cell lymphomas are rare [14]. Our cases were all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the proportion of female patients was relatively high, with an average age of 62 ± 11 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Multi-modal Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Prognosis for Primary Thyroid Lymphoma Invasiveness

Peng¹,

Yang²,

Yao³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Primary thyroid lymphoma constitutes 1%–5% of thyroid malignancies. The majority (60%–80%) of thyroid lymphomas are DLBCL 2. On CT images, lymphoma can present with solid nodules, multiple nodules and diffuse swelling.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goitre, lymphoma and the doughnut sign

et al. 2018

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“…Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) accounts for 1 to 5% of all thyroid malignancies and up to 2.5% of all extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The most common type of PTL is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (50–80%) or extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (EMZBCLs) of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT lymphoma) (20–30%) [ 4 ], the latter being associated with long-lasting autoimmune thyroiditis [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Other types are follicular lymphoma (FL) (12%) of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs); extraosseous (extramedullary) plasmacytoma (3–5%) [ 8 , 9 ]; Hodgkin’s disease (7%); Burkitt’s lymphoma (4%); and T-cell PTL (<1%) [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: How Molecular Biology and Ancillary Techniques Can Help the Cytopathologist Overcome This Diagnostic Challenge

Guidobaldi,

Cafiero,

D’Amato

et al. 2023

JPM

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Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) occurs rarely, its diagnosis is a challenge, and the prognosis of these patients depends on the time of diagnosis. Even though fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is recognized as the most accurate tool for detecting thyroid malignancies, its sensitivity for PTL is poor. Both clinical and ultrasound presentation of PTL can be atypical, and laboratory tests fail to furnish relevant data. Consequently, the reliability of a cytopathologist facing PTL can be poor, even when he is aware of its clinical information. In addition, the cases described in the literature are extremely rare and fragmentary, and consequently, the molecular data currently available for this neoplasm are practically negligible. Here, we present a case report in order to discuss the intrinsic limitations in achieving a final diagnosis of PTL and how using molecular diagnostics to identify potential mutational models can improve the evaluation of this neoplasm.

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Primary thyroid lymphoma: a rare but challenging diagnosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Multi-modal Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Prognosis for Primary Thyroid Lymphoma Invasiveness

Multi-modal Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Prognosis for Primary Thyroid Lymphoma Invasiveness

Goitre, lymphoma and the doughnut sign

Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: How Molecular Biology and Ancillary Techniques Can Help the Cytopathologist Overcome This Diagnostic Challenge

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