Primary Tuberculosis in Adults

Madkour, M. Monir

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18937-1_17

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, a better understanding of the disease reveals these notions to be somewhat inaccurate. Because of more-effective therapies and the declining prevalence of tuberculosis in developed countries, 23%-34% of adult tuberculosis cases in developed countries are actually primary tuberculosis (10,11). With regard to postprimary tuberculosis, evidence suggests that patients in endemic areas are more likely to be infected by a second strain of tuberculosis than to experience reactivation of a previously infected strain (12,13).…”

Section: Active Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Role of Radiology in Diagnosis and Management

Nachiappan¹,

Rahbar²,

Shi³

et al. 2017

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Tuberculosis is a public health problem worldwide, including in the United States-particularly among immunocompromised patients and other high-risk groups. Tuberculosis manifests in active and latent forms. Active disease can occur as primary tuberculosis, developing shortly after infection, or postprimary tuberculosis, developing after a long period of latent infection. Primary tuberculosis occurs most commonly in children and immunocompromised patients, who present with lymphadenopathy, pulmonary consolidation, and pleural effusion. Postprimary tuberculosis may manifest with cavities, consolidations, and centrilobular nodules. Miliary tuberculosis refers to hematogenously disseminated disease that is more commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, who present with miliary lung nodules and multiorgan involvement. The principal means of testing for active tuberculosis is sputum analysis, including smear, culture, and nucleic acid amplification testing. Imaging findings, particularly the presence of cavitation, can affect treatment decisions, such as the duration of therapy. Latent tuberculosis is an asymptomatic infection that can lead to postprimary tuberculosis in the future. Patients who are suspected of having latent tuberculosis may undergo targeted testing with a tuberculin skin test or interferon-γ release assay. Chest radiographs are used to stratify for risk and to assess for asymptomatic active disease. Sequelae of previous tuberculosis that is now inactive manifest characteristically as fibronodular opacities in the apical and upper lung zones. Stability of radiographic findings for 6 months distinguishes inactive from active disease. Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease can sometimes mimic the findings of active tuberculosis, and laboratory confirmation is required to make the distinction. Familiarity with the imaging, clinical, and laboratory features of tuberculosis is important for diagnosis and management. RSNA, 2017.

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Section: Active Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Role of Radiology in Diagnosis and Management

Nachiappan¹,

Rahbar²,

Shi³

et al. 2017

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278

198

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“…In the modern global context, the usual route of TB transmission is via droplet inhalation with the lungs serving as the site of initial infection and potential dissemination to other organs occurring after a period of latency (Madkour, 2004). The exception to this is M. bovis, which is transmitted through ingestion of infected meat or milk and disseminates from the intestines (Abter et al, 1995:78).…”

Section: Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and Functional Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, re-infection from an exogenous source may also result in active secondary tuberculosis, although this is clinically less common (Madkour et al, 2004). The majority of secondary tuberculosis infections will affect the lungs, resulting in the formation of additional granulomatous tissue with a necrotic center (Akhtar and Mana, 2004;Madkour et al, 2004). The formation of this necrotic center within granulomatous tissue is called "caseation" and is a hallmark of both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary secondary tuberculosis infection (Akhtar and Mana, 2004:154).…”

Section: Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and Functional Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Captain of All These Men of Death”: An Integrated Case Study of Tuberculosis in Nineteenth-Century Otago, New Zealand

Snoddy¹,

Buckley²,

King³

et al. 2020

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The South Island of New Zealand saw several major waves of migration in the mid-nineteenth century, predominantly from Europe but also with an ethnically distinct Chinese presence. The rural community of Milton, Otago, was a settler community established primarily by immigrants from the United Kingdom in search of a better quality of life. However, these settlers faced unique challenges related to surviving in an isolated location with very little infrastructure compared to their origin populations. In 2016 excavation was undertaken at St. John's Burial Ground, Milton, with the object of using bioarchaeological methods to elucidate the lived experience of the first organized European settlement of this region, particularly in terms of health and disease. Here we present a case study of Burial 21 (B21), a male individual of known identity and a documented cause of death. We use biochemical and paleopathological methods to ground-truth his written history, which includes a period of invalidism due to tuberculosis, and discuss the implications of our findings for the community, provision of care, and quality of life in rural colonial New Zealand.

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Pathology of Tuberculosis

Rammeh

2022

Imaging of Tuberculosis

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Primary Tuberculosis in Adults

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Role of Radiology in Diagnosis and Management

Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Role of Radiology in Diagnosis and Management

“Captain of All These Men of Death”: An Integrated Case Study of Tuberculosis in Nineteenth-Century Otago, New Zealand

Pathology of Tuberculosis

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