Primary uretero-iliac fistula: the unusual source of haematuria

Abstract

Uretero-iliac fistula is a rare cause of frank haematuria. The aetiology of such fistula is commonly iatrogenic. We present a unique case of a primary aorto-iliac fistula in the absence of an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation. The diagnosis was demonstrated by ureteroscopy and real-time retrograde ureterogram. Multiple arterial embolisation of the fistula had failed, and the patient underwent a successful ureterolysis and ligation of fistula. We demonstrate the diagnostic difficulties and treatment dilemma of such rare cause of haematuria.

An unusual complication of sickle cell trait: intraureter thrombus

“…However, several other rare conditions or diseases may present with hematuria, such as uretero-iliac or renal arteriovenous fistulas/ pseudoaneurysms and right renal vein hypertension [10][11][12]. In rare instances, sickle cell hematuria may be quite massive with the passage of clots and severe anemia.…”

External iliac vein – transplant ureteral fistula combined with renal cell carcinoma: an unusual case of hematuria

“…The etiology of such a fistula is mostly iatrogenic, including pelvic malignancy, previous vascular or pelvic surgery, radiotherapy, ureterolithiasis, diverting urinary conduit construction, infection, and indwelling ureteral stents 2. Primary uretero-iliac fistula caused by aortoiliac aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation only constitutes 15% of all such fistulas 3. We describe a dramatic case with recurrent hematuria even after undergoing transplant nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy because of renal allograft rejection with combined renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which finally turned out to be an external iliac vein – transplant ureteral fistula.…”