Primate and Nonprimate Mammal Community Assembly: The Influence of Biogeographic Barriers and Spatial Scale

Bannar-Martin, Katherine H.

doi:10.1007/s10764-014-9792-2

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Diani has remnant forest patches and isolated trees from the original forest as well as substantial amounts of anthropogenic disturbance, including high human population density and high levels of tourism (Anderson, ; McDonald, ). On the basis of the results of other studies (Arroyo‐Rodríguez, González‐Perez, Garmendia, Solà, & Estrada, ; Bannar‐Martin, ; Marshall et al, ), it would be expected that these areas of small forest patch size might be undesirable. However, the suburban center, approximately 7 km 2 , holds the second largest population of colobus in Kenya with the 2018 census counting 220 individuals in 36 groups (Anderson, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…data, 2017). This high density is likely a result of historically large populations that have been subject to drastic forest reduction in the past few decades resulting in limited dispersal opportunities (Bannar‐Martin, ). A similar explanation has been given for high Angolan colobus densities in the Magombera forest near the Udzungwa mountains in Tanzania.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has found that spatial effects (Bannar‐Martin, ) and forest area (Marshall et al, ) may be more important than climatic factors for most primate communities, particularly those that are arboreal. However, temperature and precipitation are important for plant production (Marshall et al, ) and in assuring water sources are available for animal consumption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the remaining bioclimatic variables, we generated a collinearity matrix (using the Pearson correlation matrix from ENMTools raster.cor.matrix function) and removed variables with a correlation value ( r ) of 0.80 or higher, to reduce multicollinearity (Bannar‐Martin, ; Holzmann et al, ; Kramer‐Schadt et al, ). The reduced variable set included: altitude, mean annual temperature, mean diurnal temperature range, seasonality, annual precipitation, precipitation in the driest month, and NDVI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences between ecological niches in northern and southern populations of Angolan black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis palliatusandColobus angolensis sharpei) throughout Kenya and Tanzania

McDonald

Johnson

Henry

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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Ecological niche models can be useful for clarifying relationships between environmental factors and a species' geographic distribution. In this study, we use presence-only data and environmental layers to create an ecological niche model to better understand the distribution of the East African Angolan black and white colobus monkey, Colobus angolensis palliatus, and to assess whether the model supports considering the population as two separate subspecies, Colobus angolensis sharpei and C. a. palliatus. We found the range of the predicted distribution for suitable habitat of C. a. palliatus as currently classified to be only 12.4% of that shown in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List range map and to be fragmented. As C. angolensis is considered a "Least Concern" species, this difference suggests that generalized maps may lead to understating the species' extinction risk. When presence points were divided into two previously proposed subspecies -C. a. palliatus (Kenya and Northern Tanzania) and C. a. sharpei (Southern Tanzania)-we found significant environmental differences between the distributions. The most important ecological variable for C. a. palliatus was predominantly precipitation of the driest month (69.1%) whereas for C. a. sharpei annual precipitation (44.8%) and land cover (normalized difference vegetation index, 16.4%) were the most important. When comparing suitable ranges for the separate distributions, we found only a 1.2% geographical overlap. These differences are consistent with previous subspecies delineations of C. a. palliatus and C. a. sharpei based upon morphology, pelage, and genetics.Our study suggests that extirpation of C. a. palliatus in suitable habitat areas and occurrence of this subspecies in anthropogenic environments, warrant further consideration for conservation actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Differences between ecological niches in northern and southern populations of Angolan black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis palliatusandColobus angolensis sharpei) throughout Kenya and Tanzania

McDonald

Johnson

Henry

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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“…Because lemurs like many arboreal primates may be dispersal limited [ 58 ] the value derived from formula (16) may overestimate median-dispersal distance. The dispersal distance values derived using formula (18) better fit the known dispersal distances for M .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lemur species-specific metapopulation responses to habitat loss and fragmentation

Steffens¹,

Lehman

2018

PLoS ONE

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Determining what factors affect species occurrence is vital to the study of primate biogeography. We investigated the metapopulation dynamics of a lemur community consisting of eight species (Avahi occidentalis, Propithecus coquereli, Microcebus murinus, Microcebus ravelobensis, Lepilemur edwardsi, Cheirogaleus medius, Eulemur mongoz, and Eulemur fulvus) within fragmented tropical dry deciduous forest habitat in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar. We measured fragment size and isolation of 42 fragments of forest ranging in size from 0.23 to 117.7 ha adjacent to continuous forest. Between June and November 2011, we conducted 1218 surveys and observed six of eight lemur species (M. murinus, M. ravelobensis, C. medius, E. fulvus, P. coquereli, and L. edwardsi) in the 42 fragments. We applied among patch incidence function models (IFMs) with various measures of dispersal and a mainland-island IFM to lemur species occurrence, with the aim of answering the following questions: 1) Do lemur species in dry deciduous forest fragments form metapopulations? 2) What are the separate effects of area (extinction risk) and connectivity/isolation (colonization potential) within a lemur metapopulation? 3) Within simulated metapopulations over time, how do area and connectivity/isolation affect occurrence? and 4) What are the conservation implications of our findings? We found that M. murinus formed either a mainland-island or an among patch metapopulation, M. ravelobensis formed a mainland-island metapopulation, C. medius and E. fulvus formed among patch metapopulations, and neither P. coquereli or L. edwardsi formed a metapopulation. Metapopulation dynamics and simulations suggest that area was a more consistent positive factor determining lemur species occurrence than fragment isolation and is crucial to the maintenance of lemur populations within this fragmented landscape. Using a metapopulation approach to lemur biogeography is critical for understanding how lemur species respond to forest loss and fragmentation.

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Mitochondrial DNA analyses and ecological niche modeling reveal post‐LGM expansion of the Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) in the foothills of Nepal Himalaya

Khanal

Chalise

et al. 2018

American J Primatol

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Genetic diversity of a species is influenced by multiple factors, including the Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles and geophysical barriers. Such factors are not yet well documented for fauna from the southern border of the Himalayan region. This study used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and ecological niche modeling (ENM) to explore how the late Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and complex geography of the Himalayan region have shaped genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and demographic history of the Nepalese population of Assam macaques (Macaca assamensis) in the Himalayan foothills. A total of 277 fecal samples were collected from 39 wild troops over almost the entire distribution of the species in Nepal. The mtDNA fragment encompassing the complete control region (1121 bp) was recovered from 208 samples, thus defining 54 haplotypes. Results showed low nucleotide diversity (0.0075 ± SD 0.0001) but high haplotype diversity (0.965 ± SD 0.004). The mtDNA sequences revealed a shallow population genetic structure with a moderate but statistically significant effect of isolation by distance. Demographic history analyses using mtDNA sequences suggested a post-pleistocene population expansion. Paleodistribution reconstruction projected that the potential habitat of the Assam macaque was confined to the lower elevations of central Nepal during the Last Glacial Maximum. With the onset of the Holocene climatic optimum, the glacial refugia population experienced eastward range expansion to higher elevations. We conclude that the low genetic diversity and shallow population genetic structure of the Assam macaque population in the Nepal Himalaya region are the consequence of recent demographic and spatial expansion.

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Primate and Nonprimate Mammal Community Assembly: The Influence of Biogeographic Barriers and Spatial Scale

Cited by 8 publications

References 87 publications

Differences between ecological niches in northern and southern populations of Angolan black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis palliatusandColobus angolensis sharpei) throughout Kenya and Tanzania

Differences between ecological niches in northern and southern populations of Angolan black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis palliatusandColobus angolensis sharpei) throughout Kenya and Tanzania

Lemur species-specific metapopulation responses to habitat loss and fragmentation

Mitochondrial DNA analyses and ecological niche modeling reveal post‐LGM expansion of the Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) in the foothills of Nepal Himalaya

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