Primate Trade (Neotropics)

Maldonado, Angela M.; Waters, Siân

doi:10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0393

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Despite national bans by most habitat countries on primate exports and the initiation of captive breeding programs, illegal trafficking of Aotus for biomedical research continues (Svensson et al, 2017). This illegal trade occurs primarily in the tri‐border area of Brazil, Colombia, and Peru (Maldonado et al, 2023; Maldonado & Waters, 2017; Shanee et al, 2023).…”

Section: Imminent Threats To Aotusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given their small size, cute appearance, and docile nature, owl monkeys throughout their range are also trapped for the pet trade (Cornejo et al, 2008; Maldonado et al, 2023; Svensson et al, 2017). Relatively little research and public attention have focused on the trafficking of wild primates in South America (Maldonado & Waters, 2017). Extrapolated data from surveyed markets in wildlife trafficking hotspots such as Belen market in Iquitos, Peru, and confiscations carried out by local police in Leticia, Colombia, suggest that governments are likely to be underreporting the numbers of Aotus trafficked in these regions (Mendoza et al, 2022; Maldonado & Waters, 2017; Shanee et al, 2023).…”

Section: Imminent Threats To Aotusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A call‐to‐action to assist in efforts to protect owl monkeys (Aotus spp.)

Wolovich

Shanee

Maldonado³

et al. 2023

American J Primatol

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The majority of the 11 species of owl monkeys (Aotus spp.) have declining populations or are listed as data deficient. Deforestation due to agriculture, development, or logging poses threats to owl monkeys throughout their range. In some areas, Aotus are hunted for bushmeat or trapped for the wildlife trade. In Colombia, the country with the greatest number of Aotus species, owl monkeys are also threatened by civil unrest. To help combat these challenges, nonprofit organizations and field researchers in habitat countries have successfully implemented a variety of conservation projects such as censusing and monitoring owl monkey populations, establishing protected areas, reforesting degraded areas, filing lawsuits to protect wild populations, helping law enforcement with environmental regulation, and promoting environmental education. We highlight some of the conservation successes and suggest actions people around the world can take to contribute to these important efforts.

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Section: Imminent Threats To Aotusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imminent Threats To Aotusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A call‐to‐action to assist in efforts to protect owl monkeys (Aotus spp.)

Wolovich

Shanee

Maldonado³

et al. 2023

American J Primatol

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“…Regarding the pet trade, there has been limited research and public attention focused on the trafficking of wild primates in South America, with data frequently derived from unpublished reports provided by national authorities. In the case of Aotus spp., extrapolated data from wildlife trafficking hotspots and confiscations suggest the underreporting of owl monkey trafficking [136,138].…”

Section: Illegal Pet Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Human and Non-Human Primate Coexistence in Argentina: Conflicts and Solutions

García de la Chica,

Oklander,

Kowalewski

et al. 2023

Animals

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There are five different primate species inhabiting widely distinct ecoregions in Argentina. Each of them faces various threats in terms of conservation and conflicts that hamper their ability to coexist with human populations. We present here some of the drivers known to be the causes of conflicts between humans and primates in the southernmost area of distribution of Latin American primates. We focus our synthesis on two of the biggest sources of conflict: the effects of different anthropogenic disturbances, and human misconceptions concerning the role of primates in the ecosystem. In each section, we briefly characterize the conflicts worldwide and then provide specific cases and examples from Argentina. In the last part of the manuscript, we further describe some ongoing national and regional educational, research, and conservation approaches to mitigate those effects.

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“…The Neotropics, particularly the Amazon basin, harbor the highest richness of primate species around the world [28]. This region is also a hotspot for wildlife trafficking [28][29][30] and tropical diseases [31,32]. Currently, there are no facilities in South America authorized to breed monkeys for the pet market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and prevalence of zoonotic infections at the animal-human interface of primate trafficking in Peru

Mendoza,

Muñoz-Maceda,

Ghersi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Wildlife trafficking creates favorable scenarios for intra- and inter-specific interactions that can lead to parasite spread and disease emergence. Among the fauna affected by this activity, primates are relevant due to their potential to acquire and share zoonoses - infections caused by parasites that can spread between humans and other animals. Though it is known that most primate parasites can affect multiple hosts and that many are zoonotic, comparative studies across different contexts for animal-human interactions are scarce. We conducted a multi-parasite screening targeting the detection of zoonotic infections in wild-caught monkeys in nine Peruvian cities across three contexts: captivity (zoos and rescue centers, n = 187); pet (households, n = 69); and trade (trafficked or recently confiscated, n = 132). We detected 32 parasite taxa including mycobacteria, simian foamyvirus, bacteria, helminths, and protozoa. Monkeys in the trade context had the highest prevalence of hemoparasites (including Plasmodium malariae/brasilianum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and microfilaria) and enteric helminths and protozoa were less common in pet monkeys. However, parasite communities showed overall low variation between the three contexts. Parasite richness (PR) was best explained by host genus and the city where the animal was sampled. Squirrel (genus Saimiri) and wooly (genus Lagothrix) monkeys had the highest PR, which was ~2.2 times the PR found in tufted capuchins (genus Sapajus) and tamarins (genus Saguinus/Leontocebus) in a multivariable model adjusted for context, sex, and age. Our findings illustrate that the threats of wildlife trafficking to One Health encompass exposure to multiple zoonotic parasites well-known to cause disease in humans, monkeys, and other species. We demonstrate these threats continue beyond the markets where wildlife is initially sold; monkeys trafficked for the pet market remain a reservoir for and contribute to the translocation of zoonotic parasites to households and other captive facilities where contact with humans is frequent. Our results have practical applications for the healthcare of rescued monkeys and call for urgent action against wildlife trafficking and ownership of monkeys as pets.

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Primate Trade (Neotropics)

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

A call‐to‐action to assist in efforts to protect owl monkeys (Aotus spp.)

A call‐to‐action to assist in efforts to protect owl monkeys (Aotus spp.)

Human and Non-Human Primate Coexistence in Argentina: Conflicts and Solutions

Diversity and prevalence of zoonotic infections at the animal-human interface of primate trafficking in Peru

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