“…Different forms of heterologous prime-boost vaccines delivered systemically are currently being tested in a number of ongoing preclinical and clinical trials and hold significant promise for eliciting cellular responses and determining the efficacy of T-cell based vaccines (Allen et al, 2000; Amara et al, 2001; Barouch et al, 2000; Belshe et al, 1998; Dale et al, 2006; Gherardi et al, 2003; Hel et al, 2001b; Kent et al, 1998; Neeson et al, 2006; O'Neill et al, 2002; Sharpe et al, 2003; Tritel et al, 2003; Wierzbicki et al, 2002; Wille-Reece et al, 2006). Heterologous prime-boost immunization is a proven strategy that elicits high frequencies of effector and memory T cells, and in particular high-avidity CD8 + CTL that are relevant to vaccine efficacy (Alexander-Miller et al, 1996; Belyakov et al, 2007a, 2007b, 2006b; Derby et al, 2001; Estcourt et al, 2002; Gallimore et al, 1998; Masopust et al, 2006; Ranasinghe et al, 2007).…”