Priming and communication: Social determinants of information use in judgments of life satisfaction

Strack, Fritz; Martin, Leonard L.; Schwarz, Robert

doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420180505

Cited by 406 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…When the question order is reversed, however, the correlations are substantial. This finding indicates that people are more likely to use the information from the specific question when answering the general question, than vice versa (Schwarz et al, 1991;Strack et al, 1988). So, the part is assimilated to the whole, but the whole is contrasted away from the part.…”

Section: Research On Question Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This research commonly finds assimilation and contrast effects for so-called part-whole question sequences. To illustrate, when people are asked to rate their relationship satisfaction before rating their general life satisfaction, the correlation between these two answers is lower than when people are asked to rate their relationship satisfaction after rating their general life satisfaction (Strack et al, 1988). When the general question (e.g., life satisfaction) precedes the specific question (e.g., relationship satisfaction), answers are essentially uncorrelated.…”

Section: Research On Question Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cognitive processes underlying people's responses to survey questions have received considerable attention (e.g., Ottati et al, 1989;Schwarz et al, 1991;Strack, Martin, & Schwarz, 1988). This research commonly finds assimilation and contrast effects for so-called part-whole question sequences.…”

Section: Research On Question Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When answering sequences of questions in a survey, people may assume that they have to provide new information for each question. They would hence deliberately ignore information they provided in the specific question to provide a new, non-redundant answer to the general question (Strack et al, 1988).…”

Section: Research On Question Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The order effect in self–other predictions: considering target as a moderator

Pollmann

Finkenauer

Dijk

2007

Euro J Social Psych

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Two factors known to affect the use of self in social prediction, target similarity and order of predictions, are considered in concert to understand how the use of self varies across the prediction of different targets. Replicating earlier studies, we predicted and found that people use the self more when predicting similar others than when predicting dissimilar others. Extending existing studies, we predicted and found order effects for similar others. As predicted no order effects emerged for predictions for dissimilar targets. Because the self is more accessible during the prediction of similar others, it matters whether self-predictions precede or follow other-predictions. Feature-matching theory is proposed as a possible explanation for the emergence of order effects in predictions of similar targets.

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Section: Research On Question Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Research On Question Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Research On Question Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research On Question Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The order effect in self–other predictions: considering target as a moderator

Pollmann

Finkenauer

Dijk

2007

Euro J Social Psych

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“…There is no finite list of heuristic attributes. Kahneman and Frederick (2002) illustrated this conception by a study by Strack, Martin, and Schwarz (1988), in which college students answered a sur-vey that included these two questions: "How happy are you with your life in general?" and "How many dates did you have last month?".…”

Section: The New Heuristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary on “Propagation of Uncertainty in Bayesian Diagnostic Test Interpretation”

Frisch¹,

Morrison²

2012

Southern Medical Journal

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The work cited by the Nobel committee was done jointly with the late Amos Tversky during a long and unusually close collaboration. Together, we explored the psychology of intuitive beliefs and choices and examined their bounded rationality. This essay presents a current perspective on the three major topics of our joint work: heuristics of judgment, risky choice, and framing effects. In all three domains we studied intuitionsthoughts and preferences that come to mind quickly and without much reflection. I review the older research and some recent developments in light of two ideas that have become central to social-cognitive psychology in the intervening decades: the notion that thoughts differ in a dimension of accessibility -some come to mind much more easily than others -and the distinction between intuitive and deliberate thought processes.Section 1 distinguishes two generic modes of cognitive function: an intuitive mode in which judgments and decisions are made automatically and rapidly, and a controlled mode, which is deliberate and slower. Section 2 describes the factors that determine the relative accessibility of different judgments and responses. Section 3 explains framing effects in terms of differential salience and accessibility. Section 4 relates prospect theory to the general * This essay revisits problems that Amos Tversky and I studied together many years ago, and continued to discuss in a conversation that spanned several decades. The article is based on the Nobel lecture, which my daughter Lenore Shoham helped put together. It builds on an analysis of judgment heuristics that was developed in collaboration with Shane Frederick (Kahneman and Frederick, 2002 proposition that changes and differences are more accessible than absolute values. Section 5 reviews an attribute substitution model of heuristic judgment. Section 6 describes a particular family of heuristics, called prototype heuristics. Section 7 concludes with a review of the argument. INTUITION AND ACCESSIBILITYFrom its earliest days, the research that Tversky and I conducted was guided by the idea that intuitive judgments occupy a position -perhaps corresponding to evolutionary history -between the automatic operations of perception and the deliberate operations of reasoning. Our first joint article examined systematic errors in the casual statistical judgments of statistically sophisticated researchers (Tversky & Kahneman, 1971). Remarkably, the intuitive judgments of these experts did not conform to statistical principles with which they were thoroughly familiar. In particular, their intuitive statistical inferences and their estimates of statistical power showed a striking lack of sensitivity to the effects of sample size. We were impressed by the persistence of discrepancies between statistical intuition and statistical knowledge, which we observed both in ourselves and in our colleagues. We were also impressed by the fact that significant research decisions, such as the choice of sample size for an experiment, are routinely guide...

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When the survey question directs retrieval: Implications for assessing the cognitive and affective predictors of global evaluation

Ottati¹

1997

Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.

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Research suggests that individuals do not respond to survey questions on the basis of a single, fixed set of psychological considerations. To the contrary, they respond on the basis of whatever material happens to come to mind at the moment of answering. Furthermore, the particular material that comes to mind often depends upon the nature of the question and the manner in which it is posed. This has important implications when attempting to assess the independence of beliefs and emotions as predictors of global attitude judgments. When addressing this question, it is important to consider the extent to which any given measurement procedure specifically targets`emotionally relevant beliefs' in memory. Past research has failed to target this specific subset of beliefs. As a consequence, beliefs have failed to fully account for the relation between emotions and global attitude judgments. Completely different findings emerge when the researcher employs`decomposition' and emotionally cued recall' to enable respondents to generate`emotionally relevant beliefs'. Under these conditions, beliefs fully account for the relation between emotions and global attitude judgments. However, this only occurs when one defines and operationalizes emotionally relevant beliefs' at the individual level. The theoretical and methodological implications of these results are discussed.

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Priming and communication: Social determinants of information use in judgments of life satisfaction

Cited by 406 publications

References 25 publications

The order effect in self–other predictions: considering target as a moderator

The order effect in self–other predictions: considering target as a moderator

Commentary on “Propagation of Uncertainty in Bayesian Diagnostic Test Interpretation”

When the survey question directs retrieval: Implications for assessing the cognitive and affective predictors of global evaluation

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