Priming in the brain, an immunologically privileged organ, elicits anti‐tumor immunity

Fathallah‐Shaykh, Hassan M.; Gao, Wei; Cho, Michael; Herrera, María Alejandra

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980119)75:2<266::aid-ijc16>3.3.co;2-o

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Evidence suggests that antigenpresenting cells are present in the brain in the form of microglial cells that express macrophage markers [14,15]. This is supported by the observation that glioma cells genetically modified to express IFN-γ and introduced into the brain cause direct priming of microglia with subsequent tumor rejection accompanied by CD4 + and CD8 + tumor cell infiltration [16,17]. While the exact site and mechanism of antigen presentation by APC in the CNS are not yet known, it does appear that the brain is capable of producing an antitumor immune response via resident and regional APC.…”

Section: Immune Privilege and Glymphaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Vaccines for Glioblastoma: Clinical Update and Perspective

2016

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Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain cancer. Aggressive treatment with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy provides limited overall survival benefit. Glioblastomas have a formidable tumor microenvironment that is hostile to immunological effector cells and these cancers produce profound systemic immunosuppression. However, surgical resection of these tumors creates conditions that favor the use of immunotherapeutic strategies. Therefore, extensive surgical resection, when feasible, will remain part of the equation to provide an environment in which active specific immunotherapy has the greatest chance of working. Toward that end, a number of vaccination protocols are under investigation. Vaccines studied to date have produced cellular and humoral antitumor responses, but unequivocal clinical efficacy has yet to be demonstrated. In addition, focus is shifting toward the prospect of therapies involving vaccines in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunomodulatory agents so that effector cells remain active against their targets systemically and within the tumor microenvironment.

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Section: Immune Privilege and Glymphaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Vaccines for Glioblastoma: Clinical Update and Perspective

2016

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“…This is further supported by the observation that glioma cells genetically modified to express interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and introduced into the brain cause direct priming of microglia with subsequent tumor rejection which is accompanied by CD4 + and CD8 + tumor cell infiltration. 17 While the exact site and mechanism of antigen presentation by APCs in the CNS are not yet known, it appears that the brain is capable of producing an antitumor immune response via resident and regional APCs.…”

Section: Immunological Privilege Of the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Malignant Glioma

Fenstermaker

Ciesielski

2004

Cancer Control

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“…New data have suggested that the mammalian brain can be stimulated to evolve into an "immunologically active" organ. 22 Immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors is primarily based on 2 strategies: (1) inducing a systemic antitumor response that carries immune effector functions into the central nervous system; or (2) eliciting a primary immune response in the brain. Experimental approaches to achieving the former goal include (1) vaccination with tumor-derived peptides, (2) vaccination with dendritic cells loaded with tumor peptides, and (3) genetically modifying tumor cells to abolish their secretion of immunosuppressive molecules.…”

Section: Antiangiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this model, intracerebrally implanted animals show prolonged survival times, tumor rejection, and specific intracerebral as well as systemic antitumor immunity when rechallenged by the parental line. 22…”

Section: Antiangiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

New Molecular Strategies to Cure Brain Tumors

Fathallah‐Shaykh

1999

Arch Neurol

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Overall, malignant primary and metastatic brain tumors remain as lethal in the 1990s as they were in the 1970s. Just as the introduction of radiation therapy 2 decades ago added several months to survival time, numerous chemotherapeutic trials have demonstrated only limited efficacy. Fortunately, recent discoveries in molecular medicine have not only revolutionized our understanding of the events that lead to tumorigenesis, but they have created novel tools for targeting malignant cells. Novel treatment modalities are now being tested in pre-phase I animal models, while others are in different stages of clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the emerging strategies of gene therapy, antiangiogenesis, immunotherapy, and targeting tumor cells.

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Priming in the brain, an immunologically privileged organ, elicits anti‐tumor immunity

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Novel Vaccines for Glioblastoma: Clinical Update and Perspective

Novel Vaccines for Glioblastoma: Clinical Update and Perspective

Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Malignant Glioma

New Molecular Strategies to Cure Brain Tumors

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