Priming strategies for controlling stem cell fate: Applications and challenges in dental tissue regeneration

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted intense interest in the field of dental tissue regeneration. Dental tissue is a popular source of MSCs because MSCs can be obtained with minimally invasive procedures. MSCs possess distinct inherent properties of self-renewal, immunomodulation, proangiogenic potential, and multilineage potency, as well as being readily available and easy to culture. However, major issues, including poor engraftment and low survival rates in vivo , remain to be resolved before large-scale application is feasible in clinical treatments. Thus, some recent investigations have sought ways to optimize MSC functions in vitro and in vivo . Currently, priming culture conditions, pretreatment with mechanical and physical stimuli, preconditioning with cytokines and growth factors, and genetic modification of MSCs are considered to be the main strategies; all of which could contribute to improving MSC efficacy in dental regenerative medicine. Research in this field has made tremendous progress and continues to gather interest and stimulate innovation. In this review, we summarize the priming approaches for enhancing the intrinsic biological properties of MSCs such as migration, antiapoptotic effect, proangiogenic potential, and regenerative properties. Challenges in current approaches associated with MSC modification and possible future solutions are also indicated. We aim to outline the present understanding of priming approaches to improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs on dental tissue regeneration.

Superior protective effects of PGE2 priming mesenchymal stem cells against LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) through macrophage immunomodulation

“…Different strategies have been introduced as suggestions for approaches to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cells. Priming MSCs with biofactors and chemical factors improved the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs by regulating their secretion [ 27 , 28 ]. Previous works have extensively studied the potential roles of MSC priming by a wide range of biofactors, such as IFN-γ [ 59 – 61 ], TNF-α [ 62 , 63 ], IL-1α-β [ 64 ], FGF-2 [ 65 ], LPS [ 66 ], IL-17A [ 67 ], TLR3 [ 68 ] and IGF-1 [ 69 , 70 ], which represent promising findings in improving MSC treatment profiles for different diseases.…”

“…In recent years, the priming strategy has been considered to stimulate and improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Different stimuli have previously been used, including cytokines, hypoxia, biochemical factors, and biomaterials [ 27 , 28 ]. The lipid signaling molecule prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an inflammatory mediator, can enhance tissue regeneration and repair after injury in various organ systems [ 19 , 29 ].…”

The extracts of osteoblast developed from adipose-derived stem cell and its role in osteogenesis

“…Osteogenic-differentiated ASCs are superior to undifferentiated ASCs in aspects of angiogenicity and osteogenicity for bone allografts [ 35 , 36 ]. Priming approaches can empower therapeutic efficacy, in particular when modulating cell fate [ 37 ] and performance [ 38 – 41 ]. Thereby, it is beneficial for direct preconditioning of cell phenotypes in therapeutically desirable ways.…”

Therapeutic trends of priming mesenchymal stem cells: A bibliometric analysis

“…Priming is one effective approach that has gained recognition for improving MSC therapeutic outcomes. Priming of MSCs can be accomplished with bioactive substances such as cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and vitamins, along with hypoxia, biomaterials, pharmacological agents, and chemical factors to augment their therapeutic potential by modulating their secretory behavior [ [10] , [11] , [12] ]. Prior investigations have explored the beneficial effects of MSC priming through various biofactors, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α-β, FGF-2, LPS, IL-17A, TLR3 and IGF-1 [ 10 , 11 , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ].…”