Primitive interventricular septum, its primordium, and its contribution in the definitive interventricular septum: In vivo labelling study in the chick embryo heart

Cruz, María V. de la; Castillo, María M.; Villavicencio, G Laura; Valencia, Adriana; Rodríguez, Ricardo Moreno

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199704)247:4<512::aid-ar10>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 51 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We demonstrated that this staining was less extensive in developing myocardium of the podoplanin mutant mice, supporting delayed or defective myocardial differentiation. At stage [15][16][17][18] in which alpha-smooth-muscle actin disappears from the myocardium, only the SMCs retain their expression of this marker. In podoplanin knockout mice, we observed a diminished extension of SMCs in the LA dorsal wall compared with normal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Vein, Dorsal Atrial Wall and Atrial Septum Abnormalities in Podoplanin Knockout Mice With Disturbed Posterior Heart Field Contribution

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT:The developing sinus venosus myocardium, derived from the posterior heart field, contributes to the atrial septum, the posterior atrial wall, the sino-atrial node, and myocardium lining the pulmonary and cardinal veins, all expressing podoplanin, a coelomic and myocardial marker. We compared development and differentiation of the myocardium and vascular wall of the pulmonary veins (PV), left atrial dorsal wall, and atrial septum in wild type with podoplanin knockout mouse embryos (E10.5-E18.5) by 3D reconstruction and immunohistochemistry. Expression of Nkx2.5 in the pulmonary venous myocardium changes from mosaic to positive during development pointing out a high proliferative rate compared with Nkx2.5 negative myocardium of the sino-atrial node and cardinal veins. In mutants, myocardium of the PVs, dorsal atrial wall and atrial septum was hypoplastic. The atrial septum and right-sided wall of the PV almost lacked interposed mesenchyme. Extension of smooth muscle cells into the left atrial body was diminished. We conclude that myocardium of the PVs, dorsal atrial wall, and atrial septum, as well as the smooth muscle cells, are derived from the posterior heart field regulated by podoplanin. (Pediatr Res 65: 27-32, 2009) T he developmental origin and molecular mechanisms controlling the formation of the myocardium of the pulmonary veins (PV) and the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the PV media are a matter of debate. The PV myocardial sleeve develops by either migration of myocardial cells from the left atrium (LA) (1) or by recruitment of extracardiac mesenchymal cells, which differentiate into myocardial cells (2). Based on expression patterns of Nkx2.5, Islet1, and Pitx2c the LA and PV myocardium was suggested to be formed by the addition of myocardial cells from the second heart field at the venous pole (3).The second heart field, part of the splanchnic mesoderm, is involved in the addition of (myocardial) cells to the primary heart tube at both the arterial (the secondary and anterior heart field) and the venous pole (the posterior heart field) (4). Islet1, a marker of undifferentiated cardiac progenitor cells, is expressed throughout the second heart field (5). Myocardial cells can differentiate from second heart field derived mesenchymal cells, and SMCs may also differentiate from mesenchyme (6).The transmembrane glycoprotein podoplanin, a coelomic and myocardial marker expressed in the posterior heart field (7), has gained interest for its role in epithelial-tomesenchymal transformation (EMT) and in formation of the myocardium and coronary SMCs at the venous pole of the heart (8). It is found in the proepicardial organ, epicardium, and sinus venosus myocardium including the sino-atrial node, the PVs and cardinal veins, the dorsal atrial wall and the base of the atrial septum extending into the developing atrial and ventricular cardiac conduction system. Podoplanin promotes EMT by binding ezrin, radixin, moesin (ERM) proteins that activate RhoA, and by down-regulation of the cell-to-cell adhesion mo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Vein, Dorsal Atrial Wall and Atrial Septum Abnormalities in Podoplanin Knockout Mice With Disturbed Posterior Heart Field Contribution

et al. 2009

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“…In vivo labeling studies have shown that the septum is derived from ventricular cells located at the ventral fusion line of the bilateral mesodermal heart epithelia (65).…”

Section: Completion Of Septationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution

Moorman

Christoffels

2003

Physiological Reviews

650

526

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Moorman, Antoon F. M., and Vincent M. Christoffels. Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution. Physiol Rev 83: 1223-1267, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00006.2003.—Concepts of cardiac development have greatly influenced the description of the formation of the four-chambered vertebrate heart. Traditionally, the embryonic tubular heart is considered to be a composite of serially arranged segments representing adult cardiac compartments. Conversion of such a serial arrangement into the parallel arrangement of the mammalian heart is difficult to understand. Logical integration of the development of the cardiac conduction system into the serial concept has remained puzzling as well. Therefore, the current description needed reconsideration, and we decided to evaluate the essentialities of cardiac design, its evolutionary and embryonic development, and the molecular pathways recruited to make the four-chambered mammalian heart. The three principal notions taken into consideration are as follows. 1) Both the ancestor chordate heart and the embryonic tubular heart of higher vertebrates consist of poorly developed and poorly coupled “pacemaker-like” cardiac muscle cells with the highest pacemaker activity at the venous pole, causing unidirectional peristaltic contraction waves. 2) From this heart tube, ventricular chambers differentiate ventrally and atrial chambers dorsally. The developing chambers display high proliferative activity and consist of structurally well-developed and well-coupled muscle cells with low pacemaker activity, which permits fast conduction of the impulse and efficacious contraction. The forming chambers remain flanked by slowly proliferating pacemaker-like myocardium that is temporally prevented from differentiating into chamber myocardium. 3) The trabecular myocardium proliferates slowly, consists of structurally poorly developed, but well-coupled, cells and contributes to the ventricular conduction system. The atrial and ventricular chambers of the formed heart are activated and interconnected by derivatives of embryonic myocardium. The topographical arrangement of the distinct cardiac muscle cells in the forming heart explains the embryonic electrocardiogram (ECG), does not require the invention of nodes, and allows a logical transition from a peristaltic tubular heart to a synchronously contracting four-chambered heart. This view on the development of cardiac design unfolds fascinating possibilities for future research.

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“…Deposits of Indian ink placed on the ventromedial fusion line of the heart-forming regions at HH9 have purportedly been found in the developing right ventricle at HH12, with subsequent experiments suggesting that this region of the developing ventricle contributes to the ventricular septum. 10 Indian ink labels placed at the cranial side of the forming heart tube at around HH9 also marked the right ventricular component of the looping heart tube at HH12. 11 Labeling the heart-forming regions at HH5 using retroviruses have also been said to mark the apical trabeculated region of the right ventricle at HH15.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…7 Those making these interpretations, however, seem to have ignored the fact that the definitive ventricles can be identified in unambiguous fashion only after the appearance of the ventricular septum, which does not begin until HH17. 10,12 Since these initial experiments, 2 independent studies have identified mesodermal cells added to the chicken heart from extracardiac sources between HH12 and 22/24. Mjaatvedt and coworkers 13 identified cells in the pharyngeal arches, which they called the anterior heart field, and showed how they contributed to the proximal (conus) and distal (truncus) parts of the outflow tract.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trabeculated Right Ventricular Free Wall in the Chicken Heart Forms by Ventricularization of the Myocardium Initially Forming the Outflow Tract

Rana

Horsten

Tesink-Taekema

et al. 2007

Circulation Research

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Abstract-Recent molecular lineage analyses in mouse have demonstrated that the right ventricle is recruited from anterior mesoderm in later stages of cardiac development. This is in contrast to current views of development in the chicken heart, which suggest that the initial heart tube contains a subset of right ventricular precursors. We investigated the fate of the outflow tract myocardium using immunofluorescent staining of the myocardium, and lineage tracer, as well as cell death experiments. These analyses showed that the outflow tract is initially myocardial in its entirety, increasing in length up to HH24. The outflow tract myocardium, subsequently, shortens as a result of ventricularization, contributing to the trabeculated free wall, as well as the infundibulum, of the right ventricle. During this shortening, the overall length of the outflow tract is maintained because of the formation of a nonmyocardial portion between the distal myocardial border and the pericardial reflections. Cell death and transdifferentiation were found to play a more limited contribution to the initial shortening than is generally appreciated, if they play any part at all. Cell death, nonetheless, plays an important role in the disappearance of the myocardial collar that continues to invest the aorta and pulmonary trunk around HH30, and in the separation of the intrapericardial arterial vessels. Taken together, we show, as opposed to some current beliefs, the development of the arterial pole is similar in mammals and birds.

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Primitive interventricular septum, its primordium, and its contribution in the definitive interventricular septum: In vivo labelling study in the chick embryo heart

Cited by 51 publications

References 11 publications

Pulmonary Vein, Dorsal Atrial Wall and Atrial Septum Abnormalities in Podoplanin Knockout Mice With Disturbed Posterior Heart Field Contribution

Pulmonary Vein, Dorsal Atrial Wall and Atrial Septum Abnormalities in Podoplanin Knockout Mice With Disturbed Posterior Heart Field Contribution

Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution

Trabeculated Right Ventricular Free Wall in the Chicken Heart Forms by Ventricularization of the Myocardium Initially Forming the Outflow Tract

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