Primordial black holes—perspectives in gravitational wave astronomy

Sasaki, Misao; Suyama, Teruaki; Tanaka, Takahiro; Yokoyama, Shuichiro

doi:10.1088/1361-6382/aaa7b4

Cited by 885 publications

(1,021 citation statements)

References 322 publications

(696 reference statements)

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“…Refs. [30,31] for reviews), since PBHs leave several imprints throughout the history of the universe: by injecting energy into their surrounding environment, by providing a source of gravitational lensing, by sourcing various dynamical effects, and by emitting gravitational waves [32][33][34]. This leaves two mass windows open for PBHs to constitute an appreciable fraction, and possibly all, of dark matter, around M ∼ 10 −12 M and M ∼ 10 − 100M , where M denotes the mass of the sun.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The exponential tail of inflationary fluctuations: consequences for primordial black holes

Ezquiaga

García-Bellido

Vennin

2020

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

183

197

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The curvature perturbations produced during an early era of inflation are known to have quasi-Gaussian distribution functions close to their maximum, where they are well constrained by measurements of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies and of the large-scale structures. In contrast, the tails of these distributions are poorly known, although this part is the relevant one for rare, extreme objects such as primordial black holes. We show that these tails are highly non-Gaussian, and cannot be described with standard non-Gaussian expansions, that are designed to approximate the distributions close to their maximum only. Using the stochastic-δN formalism, we develop a generic framework to compute the tails, which are found to have an exponential, rather than Gaussian, decay. These exponential tails are inevitable, and do not require any non-minimal feature as they simply result from the quantum diffusion of the inflaton field along its potential. We apply our formalism to a few relevant single-field, slow-roll inflationary potentials, where our analytical treatment is confirmed by comparison with numerical results. We discuss the implications for the expected abundance of primordial black holes in these models, and highlight that it can differ from standard results by several orders of magnitude. In particular, we find that potentials with an inflection point overproduce primordial black holes, unless slow roll is violated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The exponential tail of inflationary fluctuations: consequences for primordial black holes

Ezquiaga

García-Bellido

Vennin

2020

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

183

197

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“…The induced SGWB plays also a key role in the primordial black hole (PBH) scenario [53][54][55][56], which is a plausible candidate to dark matter without a particle physics nature (for a review see e.g. [57] and references therein). The main reason is that the PBH scenario requires that inflation generated huge fluctuations on scales not probed by the CMB, which later collapsed to black holes [57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced gravitational waves in a general cosmological background

Domènech

2020

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

146

131

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Gravitational waves are inevitably produced by second order terms in cosmological perturbation theory. Most notably, the so-called induced gravitational waves are a window to the small scales part of the primordial spectrum of fluctuations and a key counterpart to the primordial black hole scenario. However, semi-analytical solutions are only known for matter and radiation domination eras. In this paper, we present new analytic integral formulas for the induced gravitational waves on subhorizon scales in a general cosmological background with a constant equation of state. We also discuss applications to a peaked primordial scalar power spectrum and the primordial black hole scenario. * domenech@thphys.uni-heidelberg.de arXiv:1912.05583v3 [gr-qc] 23 Feb 20201 At linear order the identification of tensor modes with GWs is straightforward as they are gauge invariant. However, at second order is not so clear anymore. For more on this see [34,83].

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“…However, cosmological observations are only sensitive to the macroscopic properties of DM. Even though a new elementary particle is postulated in standard DM scenarios, primordial black hole (PBH) DM has attracted a lot of attention [1][2][3][4], ever since the first direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from a binary black hole (BBH) coalescence [5]. The primordialorigin BBHs are appealing candidates of LIGO/Virgo BBHs if the abundance of stellar mass PBHs in DM is a few part in thousand [6][7][8].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The process during which the PBHs are formed would be inevitably accompanied by GWs [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. These so-called induced GWs are driven by scalar perturbations during radiationdominated (RD) era and could leave detectable signal at present for testing the hypothesis of PBH DM [4,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Recently, a semi-analytical expression for the GWs induced by second-order scalar perturbations has been derived in [47,48], and the discussions have also been extended to detect the primordial non-Gaussianity [49][50][51][52] through induced GWs and the bispectrum [47,53,54] of the induced GWs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Probing primordial–black-hole dark matter with scalar induced gravitational waves

2019

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The possibility that primordial black holes (PBHs) represent all of the dark matter (DM) in the Universe and explain the coalescences of binary black holes detected by LIGO/Virgo has attracted a lot of attention. PBHs are generated by the enhancement of scalar perturbations which inevitably produce the induced gravitational waves (GWs). We calculate the induced GWs up to the thirdorder correction which not only enhances the amplitude of induced GWs, but also extends the cutoff frequency from 2k * to 3k * . Such effects of the third-order correction lead to an around 10% increase of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for both LISA and pulsar timing array (PTA) observations, and significantly widen the mass range of PBHs in the stellar mass window accompanying detectable induced GWs for PTA observations including IPTA, FAST and SKA. On the other hand, the null detections of the induced GWs by LISA and PTA experiments will exclude the possibility that all of the DM is comprised of PBHs and the GW events detected by LIGO/Virgo are generated by PBHs.

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Primordial black holes—perspectives in gravitational wave astronomy

Cited by 885 publications

References 322 publications

The exponential tail of inflationary fluctuations: consequences for primordial black holes

The exponential tail of inflationary fluctuations: consequences for primordial black holes

Induced gravitational waves in a general cosmological background

Probing primordial–black-hole dark matter with scalar induced gravitational waves

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