Principal component analysis: an appropriate tool for water quality evaluation and management—application to a tropical lake system

Parinet, Bernard; Lhote, A.-E; Légube, B.

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.007

Cited by 236 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Instead of being effectively eliminated, ammonia may accumulate in water columns especially in eutrophic lakes. For example, its concentration exceeded 1 mg l −1 in a eutrophic lake in the center of Ivory Coast (Parinet et al 2004) and ranged from 1.5 to 4 mg l −1 in polluted, hypereutrophic Onondaga Lake (Effler et al 1996). The average ammonia concentrations in 33 Chinese lakes were 0.358-1.295 mg l −1 (Wu et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Ammonia on Nitrification Process: the Case of Chinese Shallow Freshwater Lakes

Chen

Cao

Song

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Nitrification is a process in which ammonia is oxidized to nitrite (NO 2 − ) that is further oxidized to nitrate (NO 3 − ). The relations between these two steps and ambient ammonia concentrations were studied in surface water of Chinese shallow lakes with different trophic status. For the oxidations of both ammonia and NO 2 − , more eutrophic lakes generally showed significantly higher potential and actual rates, which was linked with excessive ammonia concentrations. Additionally, both potential and actual rates for ammonia oxidation were higher than those for NO 2 − oxidation in the more eutrophic lakes, while in the lakes with lower trophic status, both potential and actual rates for ammonia oxidation were almost equivalent to those for NO 2 − oxidation. This can be explained by the excessive unionized ammonia (NH 3 ) concentration that inhibits nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the more eutrophic lakes. The laboratory experiment with different ammonia concentrations, using the surface water in a eutrophic lake, showed that ammonia oxidation rates were proportional to the ammonia concentrations, but NO 2 − oxidation rates did not increase in parallel. Furthermore, NO 2 − oxidation was less associated with particles in natural water of the studied lakes. Without effective protection, it would be selectively inhibited by the excessive ammonia in hypereutrophic lakes, resulting in NO 2 − accumulation.Shortly, the increased concentrations of ammonia cause a misbalance between the NO 2 − -producing and the NO 2 − -consuming processes, thereby exacerbating the lake eutrophication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Ammonia on Nitrification Process: the Case of Chinese Shallow Freshwater Lakes

Chen

Cao

Song

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The overall consistency of the data was measured by the Kayser-Mayer-Olkim method (KMO) [16]. The KMO method uses a criterion to identify whether a factorial analysis model that is being used is properly adjusted to data, testing the overall consistency of the data.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Extreme Strength in Water Quality of the Jucazinho Reservoir, Northeastern Brazil, PE

Melo

Barbosa

Ferreira

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:The Jucazinho reservoir was built in the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, to water supply in a great part of the population that live in the semi-arid of Pernambuco. This reservoir controls the high part of Capibaribe river basin, area affected several actions that can compromise the reservoir water quality such as disposal of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and agriculture with use of fertilizers. This study aimed to identify the factors that lead to water quality of the Jucazinho reservoir using a database containing information of nine years of reservoir water quality monitoring in line with a multivariate statistical technique known as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). To use this technique, it was selected two components which determine the quality of the reservoir water. The first principal component, ranging from an annual basis, explained the relationship between the development of cyanobacteria, the concentration of dissolved solids and electrical conductivity, comparing it with the variation in the dam volume, total phosphorus levels and turbidity. The second principal component, ranging from a mensal basis, explained the photosynthetic activity performed by cyanobacteria confronting with the variation in the dam volume. It observed the relationship between water quality parameters with rainfall, featuring an annual and seasonal pattern that can be used as reference to behaviour studies of this reservoir.

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“…Moreover, some redundant indicators may not be easily identified and discarded. The principal components analysis (PCA) is a multivariate data analysis technique that can be used to determine the underlying structure of multivariate data, and offers a possibility to scale the contribution of each factor using coefficients of linear correlation (Parinet et al 2004). Li et al (2006) developed an environment evaluation model based on spatial principal components analysis (SPCA) that involves five steps: (1) standardization of primary data; (2) establishment of a covariance matrix R for each variable; (3) computing an eigenvalue 1 i of matrix R and its corresponding eigenvectors α i ; (4) grouping α i by linear combination and putting out m principal components; (5) computing environment quality index (EQI) on the basis of selected components (equation 1).…”

Section: Evaluation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of land use change on environmental quality in the red soil hilly region, China: A case study in Xianning County

Shi

Chen

Hao

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Principal component analysis: an appropriate tool for water quality evaluation and management—application to a tropical lake system

Cited by 236 publications

References 19 publications

Adverse Effects of Ammonia on Nitrification Process: the Case of Chinese Shallow Freshwater Lakes

Adverse Effects of Ammonia on Nitrification Process: the Case of Chinese Shallow Freshwater Lakes

Influence of Extreme Strength in Water Quality of the Jucazinho Reservoir, Northeastern Brazil, PE

The effects of land use change on environmental quality in the red soil hilly region, China: A case study in Xianning County

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