Principal Component Analysis Enhanced with Bootstrapped Confidence Interval for the Classification of Parkinsonian Patients Using Gaussian Mixture Model and Gait Initiation Parameters

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases that affects the postural stability of patients, especially during gait initiation. There is actually an increasing demand for the development of new non-pharmacological tools that can easily classify healthy/affected patients as well as the degree of evolution of the disease. The experimental characterization of gait initiation (GI) is usually done through the simultaneous acquisition of about 20 variables, resulting in very large datasets. Dimension reduction tools are therefore suitable, considering the complexity of the physiological processes involved. The principal Component Analysis (PCA) is very powerful at reducing the dimensionality of large datasets and emphasizing correlations between variables. In this paper, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was enhanced with bootstrapping and applied to the study of the GI to identify the 3 majors sets of variables influencing the postural control disability of Parkinsonian patients during GI. We show that the combination of these methods can lead to a significant improvement in the unsupervised classification of healthy/affected patients using a Gaussian mixture model, since it leads to a reduced confidence interval on the estimated parameters. The benefits of this method for the identification and study of the efficiency of potential treatments is not addressed in this paper but could be addressed in future works.