Principal component analysis of thermographic data

Winfree, William P.; Cramer, K. Elliott; Zalameda, Joseph N.; Howell, Patricia A.; Burke, Eric

doi:10.1117/12.2176285

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Hence, the characteristics of non-stationary monotonic signals as in PT or LPT may potentially be hindered [38]. The principal component analysis (PCA) is a multivariate signal processing technique that can be considered as an alternative to PFA and it is used to reduce the dimension of acquired thermal signals by projecting the original data onto a system of orthogonal components [39,40]. In this manner, desirable signal features can be extracted from the thermal image sequence and undesirable noise effects can be filtered out.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Image processing based quantitative damage evaluation in composites with long pulse thermography

Wang

Tian

Meo

et al. 2018

NDT & E International

115

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Pulsed thermography is a contactless and rapid non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique that is widely used for the inspection of fibre reinforced plastic composites. However, pulsed thermography uses expensive and specialist equipment such high-energy flash lamps to generate heat into the sample, so that alternative thermal stimulation sources are needed. Long pulse thermography was recently developed as a cost-effective solution to enhance the defect detectability in composites by generating step-pulse heat into the test sample with inexpensive quartz halogen lamps and measuring the thermal response during the material cooling down. This paper provides a quantitative comparison of long pulse thermography with traditional pulsed thermography and step heating thermography in carbon fibre and glass fibre composites with flat-bottomed holes located at various depths. The three thermographic methods are processed with advanced thermal image algorithms such as absolute thermal contrast, thermographic signal reconstruction, phase Fourier analysis and principal component analysis in order to reduce thermal image artefacts. Experimental tests have shown that principal component analysis applied to long pulse thermography provides accurate imaging results over traditional pulsed thermography and step heating thermography. Hence, this inspection technique can be considered as an efficient and cost-effective thermographic method for low thermal conductivity and low thermal response rate materials.

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Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Image processing based quantitative damage evaluation in composites with long pulse thermography

Wang

Tian

Meo

et al. 2018

NDT & E International

115

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“…then a from the presence of large defects, an alternative method of PCA is being pursued where a fixed set of eigenvectors, generated from an analytic model of the thermal response of the material under examination, is used to process the thermal data from composite materials. Either a one-dimensional (1D) multilayer analytic model or a 2D finite element model is used and a set of eigenvectors are then numerically generated from this array of responses [7], [8] . Figure 3, discussed earlier, shows the results achieved using this model based analysis approach.…”

Section: Robotic Implementation Of Nde Inspectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future needs and research for composite materials NDE

Cramer

2018

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites XII

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The use of composite materials continues to increase in the aerospace community due to the potential benefits of reduced weight, increased strength, and manufacturability. The ability to characterize damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite components is required to facilitate damage progression models capable of yielding accurate remaining life predictions. As these composite structures become larger and more complex, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques capable of quantifying and fully characterizing the material state are needed to enable damage progression models capable of yielding accurate remaining life predictions. This paper will present an overview of current NDE research activities for quantitative characterization of aerospace composites as well as a discussion of future directions in NDE research.

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“…However, the presence of noise and necessity to apply polynomial fitting, as well as finite duration of heating, may affect the accurate determination of derivative maximums or even add some “false” peaks in derivative evolution. Typical processing algorithms were comparatively analyzed elsewhere [ 11 , 12 ] to show that some improvements can be achieved by manipulating temperature evolutions in time or applying principal component analysis (PCA) [ 13 ]. However, the corresponding algorithms are often time-consuming or having no clear physical meaning; also, the results of applying such algorithms may be affected by a number of noise factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active IR Thermography Evaluation of Coating Thickness by Determining Apparent Thermal Effusivity

et al. 2020

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Pulsed thermography is a common technique for nondestructive testing (NDT) of materials. This study presents the apparent effusivity method for the quantitative evaluation of coating thickness in a one-sided thermal NDT procedure. The proposed algorithm is based on determining a threshold value of apparent effusivity, which can be found for particular coating-on-substrate structures. It has been found that the square root of the time at which the apparent effusivity curve reaches this threshold is proportional to the coating thickness. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by analytical modeling and experimentation performed on thermally-sprayed coatings.

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Principal component analysis of thermographic data

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Image processing based quantitative damage evaluation in composites with long pulse thermography

Image processing based quantitative damage evaluation in composites with long pulse thermography

Current and future needs and research for composite materials NDE

Active IR Thermography Evaluation of Coating Thickness by Determining Apparent Thermal Effusivity

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