Principal Component and Multivariate Analysis of Milk Long-Chain Fatty Acid Composition During Diet-Induced Milk Fat Depression

Kadegowda, Anil K. G.; Piperova, Liliana S.; Erdman, R.A.

doi:10.3168/jds.2007-0265

Cited by 75 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Of specific importance is a recent study that abomasally infused 43 g/day of trans-10 C18:1 . Although trans-10 C18:1 was incorporated into milk fat at a concentration predicted to decrease milk fat concentration by 0.4 to 0.5 percentage units (Kadegowda et al, 2008), well within the power of the controlled abomasal infusion experiment, there was no effect on milk fat yield, and milk fat concentration was numerically increased by 0.07 percentage units . Likewise, no MFD was observed when the milk fat concentration of trans-10 C18:1 was increased by feeding high-oleic sunflower oil (Hinrichsen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Biohydrogenation Intermediatesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Duodenal flow of trans-10 C18:1 is very dynamic and the maximal reduction in milk fat appears to correspond to a rumen outflow of , 20 to 40 g/day, although much higher outflows can occur, especially in experimental diets that are high in fish oil Shingfield and Griinari, 2007). Likewise, a near-maximal reduction in milk fat yield is observed at a milk fat concentration of , 1.5% to 2.5% trans-10 18:1, although much higher concentrations do occur with certain experimental diets (Loor et al, 2005;Hinrichsen et al, 2006;Shingfield and Griinari, 2007;Kadegowda et al, 2008). Of specific importance is a recent study that abomasally infused 43 g/day of trans-10 C18:1 .…”

Section: Biohydrogenation Intermediatesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In investigating the bioactivity of trans-C18:1 FA, the effects of trans-10 C18:1 were of special interest because the reduction in milk fat is highly correlated both with rumen outflow and with the milk fat content of trans-10 C18:1 (Loor et al, 2005;Hinrichsen et al, 2006;Kadegowda et al, 2008). Duodenal flow of trans-10 C18:1 is very dynamic and the maximal reduction in milk fat appears to correspond to a rumen outflow of , 20 to 40 g/day, although much higher outflows can occur, especially in experimental diets that are high in fish oil Shingfield and Griinari, 2007).…”

Section: Biohydrogenation Intermediatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in the regulation of milk fat synthesis

Harvatine

Boisclair

Bauman

2009

Animal

268

272

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In addition to its economic value, milk fat is responsible for many of milk's characteristics and can be markedly affected by diet. Diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD) was first described over a century ago and remains a common problem observed under both intensive and extensive management. The biohydrogenation theory established that MFD is caused by an inhibition of mammary synthesis of milk fat by specific fatty acids (FA) produced as intermediates in ruminal biohydrogenation. During MFD, lipogenic capacity and transcription of key lipid synthesis genes in the mammary gland are down-regulated in a coordinated manner. Our investigations have established that expressions of sterol response element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and SREBP-activation proteins are down-regulated during MFD. Importantly, key lipogenic enzymes are transcriptionally regulated via SREBP1. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence for SREBP1 as a central signaling pathway in the regulation of mammary FA synthesis. Spot 14 is also down-regulated during MFD, consistent with a lipogenic role for this novel nuclear protein. In addition, SREBP1c and Spot 14 knock-out mice exhibit reduced milk fat similar to the magnitude and pattern of MFD in the cow. Application of molecular biology approaches has provided the latest chapter in the regulation of milk fat synthesis and is reviewed along with a brief background in nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis in ruminants.

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Section: Biohydrogenation Intermediatesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Biohydrogenation Intermediatesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Biohydrogenation Intermediatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in the regulation of milk fat synthesis

Harvatine

Boisclair

Bauman

2009

Animal

268

272

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Principal component analysis of a group of studies showed that t10-18:1 was the isomer most negatively correlated with milk fat (Kadegowda et al, 2008). However, concentration of t10-18:1 does not explain why milk fat content was lower for ground compared with rolled diets, because milk concentrations of t10-18:1 were not affected by processing.…”

Section: Milk Fat Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have associated milk fat depression with increases in milk concentrations of t10-18:1 (Griinari et al, 1998;Kadegowda et al, 2008). In contrast, Lock et al (2007), based on an infusion study, reported that t10-18:1 has no role in milk fat depression (MFD).…”

Section: Milk Fat Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grain type and processing method on rumen fermentation and milk rumenic acid production

Mohammed

Kennelly

Kramer

et al. 2010

Animal

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It was hypothesized that differences in starch degradability account for observed differences in rumen vaccenic acid (t11-18:1) and milk rumenic acid (RA) concentrations. To test this hypothesis, starch degradability was varied through grain source and by processing. Eight Holstein cows in mid-lactation were assigned to two 4 3 4 Latin squares with four 21-day periods and four diets: dry rolled barley, ground barley, dry rolled corn and ground corn. Diets contained similar starch content and were supplemented with whole sunflower seed to provide similar total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (18:2n-6 1 18:3n-3) contents. Forage/ concentrate ratios of all diets were 42 : 58. Rumen, plasma and milk samples were collected in the third week of each period. In situ degradation rates (%/h) for rolled corn, ground corn, rolled barley and ground barley were 5.4, 8.9, 17.0 and 19.4, respectively, for dry matter (DM) and 6.3, 10.8, 25.3 and 43.8, respectively, for starch. DM intakes were greater for corn-based diets (CBD) than for barley-based diets (BBD) with no difference between rolled and ground diets. Daily minimum rumen pH was less (5.2 v. 5.5) and pH duration ,5.8 (h/d) was greater (7.4 v. 4.3) for BBD than for CBD. Milk fat content and yield were less for BBD than for CBD with greater values observed for rolling compared with grinding. Variability in milk fat yield was strongly related (R 2 5 0.55; P , 0.01) to total starch intake (45%) and milk c9t11-CLA (10%) and none of the t-18:1 isomers or CLA isomers that are typically associated with milk fat depression entered the model. The concentrations (%) of t10-18:1 and t11-18:1 were greater for BBD than for CBD in rumen contents (t10-18:1, 3.5 v. 1.3; t11-18:1, 3.2 v. 1.9), plasma (t10-18:1, 1.2 v. 0.2; t11-18:1, 0.97 v. 0.58) and milk (t10-18:1, 3.8 v. 1.0; t11-18:1, 2.6 v. 1.7) despite greater total PUFA intakes for CBD. Milk RA concentration was greater for BBD than for CBD (1.46 v. 0.89) but was not influenced by the method of grain processing. This study clearly demonstrated that the milk content and profile of t-18:1 and CLA isomers were more strongly influenced by the source of grain starch (barley . corn) than by the method of grain processing indicating that factors inherent in the source of starch were responsible for the observed differences and these factors could not be modified by the processing methods used in this study.Keywords: grain processing, vaccenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, corn, barley ImplicationsConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a component of milk fat with demonstrated health benefits. It was hypothesized that a difference in rate of starch digestion, varied through source of grain and processing method (rolling v. grinding), would influence rumen PUFA digestion and thus milk CLA. Concentrations of ruminal CLA precursors and milk CLA were greater for barley-based diets than corn-based diets but were not different between rolling and grinding indicating that factors inherent in the source of starch were responsible for the observed ...

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What are the trans fatty acids issues in foods after discontinuation of industrially produced trans fats? Ruminant products, vegetable oils, and synthetic supplements

Aldai

Renobales

Barrón

et al. 2013

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Adverse health effect of trans fatty acids (TFAs) are well recognized , which has precipitated efforts to reduce their content in food products. With the decline of dietary TFAs derived from partial oil hydrogenation, interest is focused on the remaining sources of dietary TFAs derived from ruminants (rTFA), deo-dorized vegetable oils, trans isomerization during frying, and synthetic conjugated FA (CFA) supplements. Partial hydro-genation and heat-treated oils result in a random distribution of TFA isomers, whereas rTFAs contain specifi c isomers resulting from enzymatic processes. Reviews of human observational and metabolic intervention studies have suggested that consumption of rTFAs at current levels should not raise health concerns. However, these studies were not based on rTFA levels currently sold in retail markets. Current feeding practices of ruminants result in higher total TFAs with trans-18:1 isomers other than vaccenic acid, and many CFAs other than rumenic acid. The defi nition of TFA adopted by several countries does not distinguish among isolated TFAs of concern and ignores CFAs that should be included in total TFA due to their negative health effects. Accurate TFA defi nition establishment and nutritional assessment of individual TFA isomers is needed for labeling purposes. Also required are adoptions of analytical methods to resolve all TFA isomers. This information can then be used to construct a database and as a basis for meaningful recommendations. Practical applications: Areas that require further investigations have been identifi ed: 1) Establish a uniform TFA nomenclature based on chemical structure 2) Standardize, assess and normalize appropriate method-ologies for the analysis of TFAs 3) Synthesize pure reference standards for TFA identifi cation 4) Report individual TFA levels with different biological activities rather than total TFA content 5) Assess the nutritional characteristics of individual TFAs independent of their origin 6) Develop strategies to increase the content of desirable TFA isomers in ruminants 7) Identify potential bioactive trans metabolites produced from PUFAs in ruminants 8) Develop labeling regulations based on specifi c chemical structures and physiological effects regardless of their origin 9) Construct an accurate database complemented with spe-cifi c surveys of ruminant product FA composition that can be accessed by regulatory agencies to make appropriate TFA recommendations. The fi nal version of this Highlight Article was not available in time for inclusion in this special issue. For this reason only the abstract and graphical abstract are presented here. The full-text can be accessed online via the permanent link http://dx.

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Principal Component and Multivariate Analysis of Milk Long-Chain Fatty Acid Composition During Diet-Induced Milk Fat Depression

Cited by 75 publications

References 37 publications

Recent advances in the regulation of milk fat synthesis

Recent advances in the regulation of milk fat synthesis

Effect of grain type and processing method on rumen fermentation and milk rumenic acid production

What are the trans fatty acids issues in foods after discontinuation of industrially produced trans fats? Ruminant products, vegetable oils, and synthetic supplements

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