Principal Components for Cow Size and Shape

Forma e função em vacas braford: o exterior como indicativo de desempenho e temperamento

“…Diversos autores (Carpenter et al, 1978;Razook et al, 1990;Winkler et al, 1997) relatam a existência de moderadas a elevadas correlações entre medidas corporais dos animais e sua produção. Ao contrário dos trabalhos encontrados na literatura, no presente estudo, as relações observadas entre as medidas corporais e os índices produtivos foram baixas.…”

Genetic Studies on Conformation and Performance of IcelandicToelterHorses

“…High coefficient values of equal signs, in the significantly largest components, group the corresponding variables, perhaps according to certain biologically explanatory factors. For example, in principal component analysis applied to body size and conformation measurements of animals, the largest principal Component usually represents the general body size, since all the coefficients of that component have been found to have equal signs (Wright, 1932(Wright, , 1954Jolicoeur & hlosimann, 1960;Carpenter et al, 1971Carpenter et al, , 1978Brown et al, 1973;Langlois et al, 1978;hlcCurley & hlclaren, 1981). The next largest, and subsequent, components on the other hand contrast conversely signed groups of measurements.…”

Multivariate statistical methods for quantifying size and shape differences between F1 crosses of different Friesian strains

“…Such data are often analysed by univariate statistical methods; however, multivariate techniques which were developed many years ago (WRIGHT 1932) are more suitable. In cattle the analysis of size and shape of bulls (BROWN et al 1973) and cows (TANNER and BURT 1954, TOUCHBERRY 1951, CARPENTER et al 1978) was based on principal component or factor analysis methods. MACFIE (1979) used multivariate statistical techniques to quantify the differences in shape between cattle breeds.…”