Principal Metrics and Instrumentation for Characterization of Engineered Nanomaterials

Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.

doi:10.1002/9783527800308.ch8

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…There are several characterization techniques which can be used to assess different parameters of a nanomaterial and those presented in Table 1 are some of the most common ones. These techniques vary with regard to relative advantages, disadvantages, cost, efficiency, and complexity and so careful consideration is necessary when selecting one [60,61]. OR "blood sugar" OR "glycated hemoglobin" OR hba1c OR "glycosylated hemoglobin" OR insulin OR "glucose metabolism disorders" OR "metabolic disorders" OR "metabolic profile" OR hyperglycemia OR hyperglycemic OR "glucose intolerance" OR diabetes OR t2d OR t1d OR "prediabetic state" OR prediabetes)).…”

Section: Characterization Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopolyphenols: a review of their encapsulation and anti-diabetic effects

Rambaran

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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Polyphenols are believed to possess numerous health benefits and can be grouped as phenolic acids, flavonoids or non-flavonoids. Research involving the synthesis of nanopolyphenols has attracted interest in the areas of functional food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical development. This is in an effort to overcome current challenges which limit the application of polyphenols such as their rapid elimination, low water-solubility, instability at low pH, and their particle size. In the synthesis of nanopolyphenols, the type of nanocarrier used, the nanoencapsulation technique employed and the type of polymers that constitute the drug delivery system are crucial. For this review, all mentioned factors which can influence the therapeutic efficacy of nanopolyphenols were assessed. Their efficacy as anti-diabetic agents was also evaluated in 33 publications. Among these were phenolic acid (1), flavonoids (13), non-flavonoids (17) and polyphenolrich extracts (2). The most researched polyphenols were quercetin and curcumin. Nanoparticles were the main nanocarrier and the size of the nanopolyphenols ranged from 15 to 333 nm with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacities of 56-97.7% and 4.2-53.2%, respectively. The quantity of nanomaterial administered orally ranged from 1 to 300 mg/kg/day with study durations of 1-70 days. Most studies compared the effect of the nanopolyphenol to its freeform and, in all but three cases, significantly greater effects of the former were reported. Assessment of the polyphenol to understand its properties and the subsequent synthesis of its nanoencapsulated form using suitable nanocarriers, polymers and encapsulation techniques can result in effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes.

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Section: Characterization Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopolyphenols: a review of their encapsulation and anti-diabetic effects

Rambaran

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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Metal Nanoparticle–Microbe Interactions: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Effects

Khan

Fromm

Rizvi

et al. 2020

Part & Part Syst Charact

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metal solution, reduction of the metal ions leads to the generation of metal atom clustering generating nanosized particles. A characteristic of biosynthetic NPs is their high stability as the organisms provide their own biomolecular capping agent(s). [1] While plant-based production of NPs is now considered a scientific curiosity rather than a promising biotechnology, [2] bacteriamediated NP biosynthesis offers better chances, in light of the poorly characterized microbial diversity and the complex chemistry of enzymes in metal-reducing bacteria. Two recent works focused on directed biofabrication of CdSe-nanoparticles through regulating extracellular electron transfer [3] and the biosynthesis of highly active copper NPs (CuNP) by Shewanella oneidensis. [4] However, the description of molecular mechanism(s) involved in the biosynthesis of NPs has received little attention, which is the focus of this review.The CFCF or culture supernatants (CS) of bacteria mediate the synthesis of AgNPs [5] as presented in this section. The CFCF from the family Enterobacteriaceae reduce silver ions to AgNPs ( Table 1). CFCF of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Metal nanoparticles (NPs), chalcogenides, and carbon quantum dots can be easily synthesized from whole microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and cell-free sterile filtered spent medium. The particle size distribution and the biosynthesis time can be somewhat controlled through the biomass/metal solution ratio. The biosynthetic mechanism can be explained through the ionreduction theory and UV photoconversion theory. Formation of biosynthetic NPs is part of the detoxification strategy employed by microorganisms, either in planktonic or biofilm form, to reduce the chemical toxicity of metal ions. In fact, most reports on NP biosynthesis show extracellular metal ion reduction. This is important for environmental and industrial applications, particularly in biofilms, as it allows in principle high biosynthetic rates. The antimicrobial and antifungal effect on biosynthetic NPs can be explained in terms of reactive oxygen species and can be enhanced by the capping agents attached to the NP during the biosynthesis process. Industrial applications of NP biosynthesis are still lagging, due to the difficulty of controlling NP size and low titer. Further, the environmental assessment of biosynthetic NPs has not yet been carried out. It is expected that further advancements in biosynthetic NP research will lead to applications, particularly in environmental biotechnology.

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