2023
DOI: 10.1002/pts.2761
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Principle, development and application of time–temperature indicators for packaging

Abstract: Time–temperature indicators (TTIs) can visually reflect the remaining shelf life of various products, especially in cold chain transportation, by taking consideration of both time and temperature influences. Though various TTIs have been developed, few have been commercialized. This review aims at providing a timely reference to scientific community and valuable guidance for the future design of TTIs to boost the commercialization. This review firstly introduces the general principle and models for TTIs includ… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(2 citation statements)
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References 160 publications
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“…Rising temperatures lead to the diffusion of esters, forming the basis for a mathematical model that correlates diffusion distance with time‐temperature data. [ 199 ] This measurable diffusion provides insights into time and temperature exposure. Typically, pressing the TTI causes the colored ester dyes to contact the medium, initiating the phase transition and diffusion based on temperature.…”
Section: Indicatorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Rising temperatures lead to the diffusion of esters, forming the basis for a mathematical model that correlates diffusion distance with time‐temperature data. [ 199 ] This measurable diffusion provides insights into time and temperature exposure. Typically, pressing the TTI causes the colored ester dyes to contact the medium, initiating the phase transition and diffusion based on temperature.…”
Section: Indicatorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, these TTIs often require manual activation, which can be challenging to integrate into continuous production lines due to variations in applied pressure and the need for precise actuation. [ 199,203 ]…”
Section: Indicatorsmentioning
confidence: 99%