Principles and practice of biomass fast pyrolysis processes for liquids

Bridgwater, A.V.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2370(99)00005-4

Cited by 677 publications

(373 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the variation in the yields of these products with varying process conditions could help explain any possible interactions between the components of RDF during the pyrolysis runs. Controlling the pyrolysis heating rate is one way of investigating this effect [16]. [18] reported similar product yields for the slow and fast pyrolysis of HDPE in a fluidized bed.…”

Section: Results From Varying the Heating Rate During Pyrolysis Of Rdfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Products from the high temperature pyrolysis of RDF at slow and rapid heating rates

Efika

Onwudili

Williams

2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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The high-temperature pyrolysis behaviour of a sample of refuse derived fuel (RDF) as a model of municipal solid waste (MSW) was investigated in a horizontal tubular reactor between 700 -900 °C , at varying heating rates, and at an extended vapour residence time.Experiments were designed to evaluate the influence of process conditions on gas yields as well as gas and oil compositions. Pyrolysis of RDF at 800 °C and at rapid heating rate resulted in the gas yield with the highest CV of 24.8 MJ m -3 while pyrolysis to 900 °C at the rapid heating rate generated the highest gas yield but with a lower CV of 21.3 MJ m -3 . A comparison of the effect of heating rates on oil products revealed that the oil from slow pyrolysis, contained higher yields of more oxygenates, alkanes (C8 to C39) and alkenes (C8 to C20), while the oil from rapid pyrolysis contained more aromatics, possibly due to the promotion of Diels-Alder-type reactions. IntroductionThere is a continuously growing need for new and sustainable sources of energy in the world as our populations grow and countries become more developed. There is also an increased demand for renewable sources of energy, resulting in increased interests in the processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) as an energy resource both by biochemical and thermochemical means. Among the thermochemical technologies for MSW conversion, pyrolysis is arguably, the most versatile in relation to the flexibility of obtaining primary products. The application of pyrolysis technology to MSW is quite promising as the energy content of the MSW can be extracted in the form of primary pyrolysis products including gas,

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Section: Results From Varying the Heating Rate During Pyrolysis Of Rdfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Products from the high temperature pyrolysis of RDF at slow and rapid heating rates

Efika

Onwudili

Williams

2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Pyrolysis is typically performed at temperatures of 400-600°C [92] and often includes a catalyst [93]. Biomass pyrolysis processes have been extensively reviewed [19,20,[93][94][95][96][97][98].…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Biomass Feedstock Variability and the Potential Impact on Biofuels Production

et al. 2015

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Terrestrial lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be a carbon neutral and domestic source of fuels and chemicals. However, the innate variability of biomass resources, such as herbaceous and woody materials, and the inconsistency within a single resource due to disparate growth and harvesting conditions, presents challenges for downstream processes which often require materials that are physically and chemically consistent. Intrinsic biomass characteristics, including moisture content, carbohydrate and ash compositions, bulk density, and particle size/shape distributions are highly variable and can impact the economics of transforming biomass into value-added products. For instance, ash content increases by an order of magnitude between woody and herbaceous feedstocks (from ∼0.5 to 5 %, respectively) while lignin content drops by a factor of two (from ∼30 to 15 %, respectively). This increase in ash and reduction in lignin leads to biofuel conversion consequences, such as reduced pyrolysis oil yields for herbaceous products as compared to woody material. In this review, the sources of variability for key biomass characteristics are presented for multiple types of biomass. Additionally, this review investigates the major impacts of the variability in biomass composition on four conversion processes: fermentation, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and direct combustion. Finally, future research processes aimed at reducing the detrimental impacts of biomass variability on conversion to fuels and chemicals are proposed.

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“…Its use as fuel in boilers and engines has been tested [6,7]. The content of the syngas is primarily CO, H 2 , CH 4 and CO 2 which can be used as the heat source in a recycling fluidized-bed reactor [8]. Biochar is like charcoal and is the solid component created by pyrolysis of biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of energy carriers obtained from the pyrolysis of white ash, switchgrass and corn stover — Biochar, syngas and bio-oil

Chen

Liu

Scott

2016

Fuel Processing Technology

100

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oThe pyrolysis of three representative sources of biomass, namely, white ash, switchgrass and corn stover were investigated using a fixed-bed reactor to observe and compare the characterizations of three energy carriers, biochar, syngas and bio-oil. The characteristics of biochar were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).The results showed that the carbon content of biochar increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. More than 52 wt.% of the carbon was captured in the biochar. The infrared spectra of char samples illustrated that various bands in the spectra were identified, corresponding to stretches -NH-, aliphatic stretches -CH-, stretches conjugate -C_C-, -CH 3 and stretches -C\ \O-. The surface morphology of biomass sample changed after pyrolysis and carbon fiber can be formed at the temperature of 500°C. The content of combustible gas CH 4 , H 2 and CO was changed from 50% to 70%. The GC-MS analysis of bio-oil showed that most of the chemical compounds detected were phenolic ones. This study provides a useful reference for energy carriers from the pyrolysis of biomass.

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Principles and practice of biomass fast pyrolysis processes for liquids

Cited by 677 publications

References 25 publications

Products from the high temperature pyrolysis of RDF at slow and rapid heating rates

Products from the high temperature pyrolysis of RDF at slow and rapid heating rates

Sources of Biomass Feedstock Variability and the Potential Impact on Biofuels Production

Characterization of energy carriers obtained from the pyrolysis of white ash, switchgrass and corn stover — Biochar, syngas and bio-oil

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