Principles and practice of plastic scintillator design

Moser, S.; Harder, W.F.; Hurlbut, C.; Kusner, M.R.

doi:10.1016/0969-806x(93)90039-w

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The PMMA and PVT have low T g and therefore, cannot be plasticized to a large extent. However, PVT and PMMA are known to be efficient in the transfer of energy from energetic particles to scintillator molecules [20]. The maximum amounts of plasticizer that could be added to CTA, PMMA, and PVT-based films were found to be 200 wt.%, 40 wt.%, and only 15 wt.% of the polymer base, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Studies on the optimisation of optical response of scintillating optodes

Sodaye

Scindia

Pandey

et al. 2007

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the work reported in Ref. [19], the amount of the wavelength shifter (MSB) was fixed based on its solubility in plasticized matrix and the amount of primary scintillator (PPO) was taken based on the ratio of primary to secondary scintillator reported in the literature [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the optimisation of optical response of scintillating optodes

Sodaye

Scindia

Pandey

et al. 2007

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…16,20 The bismuth component must also possess a wide band gap that is unable to interfere with the scintillation mechanism. 21 Due to the Lewis acidity of the metal center, the crystal structure (Figure 1) shows that each bismuth is bridged to one of the 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinolate ligands via an oxygen donor atom from a ligand on the adjacent bismuth. This structure shows that the four equatorial quinolate ligands in the dimer exhibit π-stacking with the phenoxide rings eclipsing the pyridyl rings.…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent Tris(8-hydroxyquinolates) of Bismuth(III)

2013

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Luminescent homoleptic bismuth(III) complexes have been synthesized by adding several functionalized 8-hydroxyquinolate ligands to bismuth(III) chloride in a 3:1 mole ratio in either ethanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. These complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine their structures and photophysical properties. Reversible dimerization of the mononuclear tris(hydroxyquinolate) complexes was observed in solution and quantified using UV–vis spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectra show a blue shift for the monomer compared with homoleptic aluminum(III) hydroxyquinolate compounds. Four dimeric compounds and one monomeric isomer were characterized structurally. The bismuth(III) centers in the dimers are bridged by two oxygen atoms from the substituted hydroxyquinolate ligands. The more sterically hindered quinolate complex, tris(2-(diethoxymethyl)-8-quinolinato)bismuth, crystallizes as a monomer. The complexes all exhibit low-lying absorption and emission spectral features attributable to transitions between the HOMO (π orbital localized on the quinolate phenoxide ring) and LUMO (π* orbital localized on the quinolate pyridyl ring). Excitation and emission spectra show a concentration dependence in solution that suggests that a monomer–dimer equilibrium occurs. Electronic structure DFT calculations support trends seen in the experimental results with a HOMO–LUMO gap of 2.156 eV calculated for the monomer that is significantly larger than those for the dimers (1.772 and 1.915 eV). The close face to face approach of two quinolate rings in the dimer destabilizes the uppermost occupied quinolate π orbitals, which reduces the HOMO–LUMO gap and results in longer wavelength absorption and emission spectral features than in the monomer form.

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“…-Organic scintillators were developed about 60 years ago to detect radiation [1,2]. To obtain a high scintillation performance, which is evaluated by the number of photons emitted per incident radiation event and by the emission of easy-to-measure deep-blue photons, organic scintillators are manufactured by mixing plastic with chemical additives such as wave shifters [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, because the manufacturers keep the detailed information regarding the types and quantities of the wave shifters confidential, organic scintillators are extremely expensive [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of deep-blue photon emission at high efficiency by common plastic

Nakamura

Shirakawa²,

Takahashi

et al. 2011

EPL

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Various scintillation devices are used in many countries and wide scientific fields. Key elements that determine the performance of a scintillation device are the number of photons emitted per incident radiation event and the emission of easy-to-measure blue photons. It is generally known that only materials with very complex compositions perform well as scintillators. However, we demonstrated that the scintillation performance of a newly developed plastic such as 100 percent pure polyethylene naphthalate exceeds that of conventional organic scintillators. By measuring the light output spectra and emission spectra of several samples, we revealed that the plastic emits a high number of photons per incident radiation event (∼ 10500 photons/MeV), and, surprisingly, deep-blue photons (425 nm). Even though the plastic has a simple composition, it could replace the expensive organic scintillators that have been used in many applications.

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Principles and practice of plastic scintillator design

Cited by 70 publications

References 3 publications

Studies on the optimisation of optical response of scintillating optodes

Studies on the optimisation of optical response of scintillating optodes

Luminescent Tris(8-hydroxyquinolates) of Bismuth(III)

Evidence of deep-blue photon emission at high efficiency by common plastic

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