Principles, Developments and Design Criteria of In Situ Chemical Oxidation

Baciocchi, Renato

doi:10.1007/s11270-013-1717-8

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Several previous case study reviews have focused on the ISCO, or contained a significant number of ISCO case studies, especially in the United States [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] that provided general information on how the remediation process works. The information include: the parameters to consider, metrics to assess performance or databases.…”

Section: In Situ Chemical Oxidation Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Chemical Oxidation Based on Hydrogen Peroxide: Optimization of Its Application to an Hydrocarbon Polluted Site

Reino

Rodríguez-Rastrero

Escolano

et al. 2014

Environment, Energy and Climate Change I

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In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is an effective technology for the cleanup of contaminated sites by organic compounds, such as hydrocarbons. Such remediation involves the introduction of a chemical oxidant into the subsurface in order to transform organic pollutants, present in groundwater or soil, into less harmful chemical species. Commonly applied oxidants are permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and persulphate.To implement the ISCO effectively, an enhancement of the contact oxidantcontaminant is required. This can be difficult in many soils and aquifers where natural features can result in significant heterogeneities in the flow of water, or in which the presence of natural reducing substances can generate non-productive reactions that consume oxidants, thus compromising their adequate distribution and efficiency. In this regard, a detailed previous knowledge of some morphological and physicochemical properties of soils and aquifers to be treated will contribute to optimize the ISCO treatments.A present case study is currently being developed on a site with particular features that significantly influence the applicability of ISCO in any reagents. This features include: the irregular distribution of pollutants, high spatial and temporal variability of water table, generally low permeability as well as a remarkable heterogeneity of the main physicochemical soil properties (salinity, aeration, grain size or organic matter), both in the vertical and the horizontal distribution.This chapter provides a short review of the main challenges associated to an in situ chemical oxidation treatment, specifically referred to as a site that represents a significant source of inefficiency in its application, focusing on the main issues that need to be accounted for the design of such treatment.

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Section: In Situ Chemical Oxidation Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, in Europe the development of a full-scale ISCO is more limited [30]. References are restricted to APAT [32] and CityChlor [19].…”

Section: In Situ Chemical Oxidation Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Chemical Oxidation Based on Hydrogen Peroxide: Optimization of Its Application to an Hydrocarbon Polluted Site

Reino

Rodríguez-Rastrero

Escolano

et al. 2014

Environment, Energy and Climate Change I

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“…The most commonly used oxidants in ISCO are permanganate, ozone and Fenton's reagent . However, the application of sodium persulfate (PS) as an alternative to these oxidants has increased over the last decades , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of soil contaminated by PAHs and TPH using alkaline activated persulfate enhanced by surfactant addition at flow conditions

Lominchar

Lorenzo

Salvador

et al. 2017

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Remediation of a soil polluted with fuel oil #2 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been carried out by alkaline activated persulfate (PS). The effect of surfactant addition on the abatement of TPH and PAHs was studied. Accordingly, four runs were performed at flow conditions using: only water, only surfactant (15 g L‐1 of Verusol‐3), activated persulfate (210 mmol L‐1 PS and 840 mmol L‐1 NaOH) and surfactant (15 g L‐1 Verusol) with activated persulfate (210 mmol L‐1 PS and 840 mmol L‐1 NaOH). RESULTS Washing with water was found to achieve negligible desorption of the pollutants. Washing with surfactant or a combination of surfactant and oxidant completely removed the contaminants from soil, however only the addition of oxidant yielded an aqueous effluent without pollutants. When adding activated persulfate alone (without surfactant), about 30% residual contamination remained in the soil. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the combined application of surfactant and alkali persulfate produces a significant improvement in the elimination of organic compounds such as fuel oil #2 and PAHs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…The ISCO techniques have mostly been applied and developed in the USA, whereas in Europe, technological and regulatory constraints have limited their use (Baciocchi 2013). The ISCO treatment is implemented by distributing a chemical oxidant into the subsurface, the most commonly used reagents being hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), permanganate, persulfate, and ozone (Baciocchi 2013; Sutton et al 2011). The use of hydrogen peroxide is based on the Fenton’s reaction, where the reaction between H 2 O 2 and ferrous iron produces hydroxyl and other radicals (ITRC 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of hydrogen peroxide is based on the Fenton’s reaction, where the reaction between H 2 O 2 and ferrous iron produces hydroxyl and other radicals (ITRC 2005). The classic Fenton’s process is applied using low H 2 O 2 concentrations, ferrous iron as a catalyst, and a pH of 2–4, while the applied modifications (modified Fenton’s process) include high concentrations of H 2 O 2 or calcium peroxide, neutral pH, and chelating agents for iron solubilization or H 2 O 2 stabilization (Baciocchi 2013; ITRC 2005). The iron minerals of the soil can also act as a catalyst in H 2 O 2 oxidation (Kong et al 1998), in which case, the slower reaction rates might allow deeper infiltration of hydroxyl radicals (Ferguson et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostimulation proved to be the most efficient method in the comparison of in situ soil remediation treatments after a simulated oil spill accident

Simpanen

Dahl

Gerlach

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The use of in situ techniques in soil remediation is still rare in Finland and most other European countries due to the uncertainty of the effectiveness of the techniques especially in cold regions and also due to their potential side effects on the environment. In this study, we compared the biostimulation, chemical oxidation, and natural attenuation treatments in natural conditions and pilot scale during a 16-month experiment. A real fuel spill accident was used as a model for experiment setup and soil contamination. We found that biostimulation significantly decreased the contaminant leachate into the water, including also the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). The total NAPL leachate was 19 % lower in the biostimulation treatment that in the untreated soil and 34 % lower in the biostimulation than oxidation treatment. Soil bacterial growth and community changes were first observed due to the increased carbon content via oil amendment and later due to the enhanced nutrient content via biostimulation. Overall, the most effective treatment for fresh contaminated soil was biostimulation, which enhanced the biodegradation of easily available oil in the mobile phase and consequently reduced contaminant leakage through the soil. The chemical oxidation did not enhance soil cleanup and resulted in the mobilization of contaminants. Our results suggest that biostimulation can decrease or even prevent oil migration in recently contaminated areas and can thus be considered as a potentially safe in situ treatment also in groundwater areas.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7606-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Principles, Developments and Design Criteria of In Situ Chemical Oxidation

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

In Situ Chemical Oxidation Based on Hydrogen Peroxide: Optimization of Its Application to an Hydrocarbon Polluted Site

In Situ Chemical Oxidation Based on Hydrogen Peroxide: Optimization of Its Application to an Hydrocarbon Polluted Site

Remediation of soil contaminated by PAHs and TPH using alkaline activated persulfate enhanced by surfactant addition at flow conditions

Biostimulation proved to be the most efficient method in the comparison of in situ soil remediation treatments after a simulated oil spill accident

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