Principles, drivers and opportunities of a circular bioeconomy

Abstract

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A Circularity Evaluation of New Feed Categories in The Netherlands—Squaring the Circle: A Review

“…Moreover, seaweed production is still, and logically, approached from an experimental type of approach. No matter how, algae production or the local cultivation of protein rich crops (e.g., alfalfa), or the production of insects on waste streams, still have the potency to strengthen the circular feed transition in the near future [44].…”

“…Currently, awakened by the governmental vision and financing, there is a lively debate in The Netherlands regarding circularity [41][42][43][44]. Within academia, the concept is being articulated and applied to the Dutch context considering also the open and global oriented production/consumption systems.…”

“…In subsequent works, de Boer and colleagues [44,45] (https://www.wur.nl/en/showlongread/Re-rooting-the-Dutch-food-system-from-more-to-better.htm (accessed on 1 April 2021)) have further elaborated these principles. We believe that this is a valuable basis as it builds on the circularity tradition and it is specific for livestock and agriculture production, our focus here.…”

“…Moreover, they propose other related and integrable principles that are beyond the scope of this research. For instance, minimizing renewable energy usage in productive processes, which implies avoiding energy use of non-renewable sources [44]). The objective here is to employ agricultural fertile soils or natural waters primarily for the production of food, rather than for feed or other less relevant commodities such as biomass or biofuels, in the light of poverty and hunger and the deterioration of nature by productive activities.…”

The Role of Bioeconomy in the Future Energy Scenario: A State-of-the-Art Review

“…While it is widely agreed that the aims of the bioeconomy as a societal and economic movement are to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels while mitigating climate change and enabling secure food chains, there is no consensus on how to achieve these objectives in a sustainable way [8][9][10]. The original meaning of 'bioeconomy', defined in 1971, proposes an economic model in which natural resources and limits fit into a sound framework, has since undergone major changes [11,12] in which the understanding of the phrase "of the economy" has been significantly improved.…”