Principles for Developing Interdisciplinary School‐based Primary Care Centers

Barnett, Stephen E.; Niebuhr, Virginia; Baldwin, Constance D.

doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1998.tb03491.x

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Existing school health advisory councils within the majority of schools or districts can assist in these activities and reduce the burden. 3,13,73,75 Additionally, the SBHA has been a resource to pediatricians and an advocate for the implementation and ongoing operation of SBHCs. 76 To support the medical home model, communication among the stakeholders (school, SBHCs, and community primary care providers) needs to occur from the planning stages to the operational stages.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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School-Based Health Centers and Pediatric Practice

Kjolhede

Lee

2021

Pediatrics

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School-based health centers (SBHCs) are unique health care settings for our nation's school-aged children and adolescents. SBHCs represent the collaboration between the health and school communities to support the health and mental health needs and the academic achievements of children and adolescents, particularly students with health disparities or poor access to health care. SBHCs improve access to health care services for students by decreasing financial, geographic, age, and cultural barriers. This policy statement provides an overview of SBHCs, including the scope of services as well as some of the documented benefits and challenges. This policy statement also reviews the role of SBHCs in working with the pediatric medical home and provides recommendations that support the coordination of SBHCs with pediatric primary care providers and the pediatric medical home. BACKGROUNDSchool-based health centers (SBHCs) are unique health care settings for school-aged children and adolescents that have been proven to improve access to care, improve health outcomes, and reduce health disparities. 1,2 Conveniently located in schools or on school grounds, SBHCs provide primary care services that address the physical and mental health needs of students. SBHCs represent a collaborative commitment with the school community to support the health and academic success of children and adolescents. 3 Significant growth in the number of SBHCs in the United States over the last 2 decades is evident in the most recent data from the National School-Based Health Care Census report conducted by the School-Based Health Alliance (SBHA) in 2016-2017. 4 According to that report, there are 2584 SBHCs that serve students and communities in 48 of 50 states and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 4 The number of SBHCs has more than doubled since 1998. 4 Currently, 46% of SBHCs are in urban communities, 36% are in rural areas, and 18% are in suburban

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Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guidelines include community needs assessment, coordination of care with the medical community, and measurement of performance indicators reflecting the effect of SBHC services on students' health and academic outcomes. [12][13][14][15] According to the SBHA, the 7 core competencies of SBHCs are 16 as follows:…”

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confidence: 99%

School-Based Health Centers and Pediatric Practice

Kjolhede

Lee

2021

Pediatrics

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“…Encourage the development of school health advisory councils to establish a setting for planning, monitoring, and developing SBHCs and coordinated school health services. 12,59,60 …”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the medical home concept has evolved, SBHCs fit into the model just as satellite offices and practice networks do for private practice. 12 A recent national survey of SBHCs revealed that 35% of managed care organizations recognize SBHCs as reimbursable primary care providers. 1 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include performing a community needs assessment; coordinating care with the medical community, hospitals, and public health providers; and documenting the effect of SBHC services on students' health and educational outcomes. [10][11][12][13][14] Another best practice of SBHCs is to establish a business plan to generate grants, contracts, and billings to match SBHC expenses. Although state funding of SBHCs has almost quadrupled over the past 20 years, finding adequate resources and income remains a challenge for most SBHCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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School-Based Health Centers and Pediatric Practice

2012

Pediatrics

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School-based health centers (SBHCs) have become an important method of health care delivery for the youth of our nation. Although they only represent 1 aspect of a coordinated school health program approach, SBHCs have provided access to health care services for youth confronted with age, financial, cultural, and geographic barriers. A fundamental principle of SBHCs is to create an environment of service coordination and collaboration that addresses the health needs and well-being of youth with health disparities or poor access to health care services. Some pediatricians have concerns that these centers are in conflict with the primary care provider' s medical home. This policy provides an overview of SBHCs and some of their documented benefits, addresses the issue of potential conflict with the medical home, and provides recommendations that support the integration and coordination of SBHCs and the pediatric medical home practice. Pediatrics 2012;129:387-393 BACKGROUNDAccording to the most recent national census of school-based health centers (SBHCs) conducted by the National Assembly on School-Based Health Care, 1 almost 2000 SBHCs are operating in 48 states and territories of the United States, with 57% located in urban communities, 16% in suburban communities, and 27% in rural communities. Approximately 33% of SBHCs are located in high schools, 24% are located in elementary or middle schools, and 43% are located in alternative schools or schools with a combination of grade levels. As SBHCs become more prevalent, pediatricians and other health care providers should be familiar with the role of SBHCs in providing primary care and preventive services to school-aged youth. In addition, it is critical that health care providers working in SBHCs are aware of the importance of supporting the medical home and coordinating care with other primary care providers in the community.The provision of health services in schools is not a new concept; rather, it was pioneered by pediatric and nursing health professionals to address common pediatric health challenges.2,3 Schools already provide several critical health services, including triage and management of medical emergencies; medication delivery; services for youth with special health care needs; referral of common health problems, such as injury, asthma, and behavioral and emotional difficulties; and health screenings (such as vision and hearing screenings). [4][5][6][7] SBHCs are an expansion of these school health services. SBHCs evolved during the 1970s and 1980s and were promoted by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, which continues its support by funding The Center for COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH KEY WORDS school-based health centers, school health services, medical home ABBREVIATIONS SBHCs-school-based health centersThis document is copyrighted and is property of the American Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy of Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved thro...

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Shots at school? Public attitudes about vaccination services in school‐based health centers

Haeder

2024

World Med & Health Policy

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Vaccination rates have dropped across the United States. Vaccination hesitancy plays a major role in this development, but access barriers are also a contributing factor. Access barriers are particularly prevalent among marginalized populations. School‐based health centers (SBHCs) may be an important factor in reducing these barriers and thus increase vaccination rates. A national survey (N = 4196) fielded from January to April of 2022 to assess U.S. public opinion about seven specific vaccination services (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP); polio; chickenpox; measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR); hepatitis; human papillomavirus (HPV); and COVID‐19) in SBHCs. There was substantial support for the provision of these services ranging from 73.6% to 84.2% with HPV and COVID‐19 receiving the least support and MMR receiving the most support. Consistent correlates of support across all vaccines included ideology, partisanship, trust in principals, rurality, and various common measures of vaccination hesitancy. Cumulatively, vaccination hesitancy measures had substantial effects on public attitudes. Vaccination services in SBHCs are broadly popular and may serve as a tool to increase vaccination rates by lowering take‐up barriers. They may be particularly important for increasing take‐up among traditionally marginalized populations and improving health equity.

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Principles for Developing Interdisciplinary School‐based Primary Care Centers

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

School-Based Health Centers and Pediatric Practice

School-Based Health Centers and Pediatric Practice

School-Based Health Centers and Pediatric Practice

Shots at school? Public attitudes about vaccination services in school‐based health centers

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