Principles for scaling of distributed direct potable water reuse systems: A modeling study

Guo, Tianjiao; Englehardt, James D.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.033

Cited by 44 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To estimate the cost of NZW technology as applied to the Miami-Dade County's compliance plan to the ocean outfall legislation, the model presented previously for optimizing the cost of NZW systems as a function of treatment plant capacity was used. A detailed description of the model is presented by Guo and Englehardt (2015). Briefly, the model has the capability to generate fractal landscapes simulating actual landscapes with flat, hilly, or mountainous topographies in real locations.…”

Section: Methods: the Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary benefits include phosphate precipitation and organics reduction. Projected average daily and design flows in the sections entitled ''Simulated Costs for a Single Net-Zero Water System'' and ''Simulated Costs for Distributed Net-Zero Water Systems'' are based on the assumption of generalized average wastewater generation rates, as follows: 0.23 m 3 /d per capita (60 gallons per capita per day [gpcd]) for residential, 0.04 m 3 /d per capita (10 gpcd) for commercial and small industry, and 0.15 m 3 /d per capita (40 gpcd) for infiltration, for a total of 0.42 m 3 /d per capita (110 gpcd), with a peak factor of 2.09 design flow to average daily flow (Guo and Englehardt, 2015;Metcalf & Eddy, 2013).…”

Section: Methods: the Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simulate the topography of the study area, elevation data for 9 3 9 ¼ 81 key locations across a grid covering (and extending beyond) the study area were obtained from Google Earth t software. From these, a fractal landscape was simulated using an adapted fractal midpoint displace algorithm (Higham and Higham, 2005;Guo and Englehardt, 2015). This landscape was represented by a matrix [Z], the elements of which are equal to the elevations at each corresponding point in space.…”

Section: Methods: the Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research has indicated that direct potable water reuse (DPR) systems may be viable, cost-competitive systems in urban and suburban areas (Guo and Englehardt, 2015;NRC, 2011). Such systems offer the promise of satisfying urban water demand without the need for treatment of toxic chemicals and pesticides found in environmental waters, while potentially addressing the accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (Englehardt et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the cost of DPR technology remains less certain than those of conventional systems, generalized costs of unit processes that may be used in DPR systems were recently reviewed, updated, and demonstrated as a function of system scale (Guo et al, 2014). In addition, an optimization model was presented to provide generalized principles regarding the scaling of distributed DPR NZW systems to optimize the balance between economy of scale in terms of capital cost and diseconomy of scale in terms of water conveyance energy and costs (Guo and Englehardt, 2015). Results indicate that centralized and distributed, non-reverse-osmosis, advanced oxidation-based NZW systems can be competitive with centralized conventional systems in urban and suburban areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the Economic Feasibility of Large‐Scale Net‐Zero Water Management: A Case Study

Guo

Englehardt

Fallon

2016

Water Environment Research

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While municipal direct potable water reuse (DPR) has been recommended for consideration by the U.S. National Research Council, it is unclear how to size new closed-loop DPR plants, termed ''net-zero water (NZW) plants'', to minimize cost and energy demand assuming upgradient water distribution. Based on a recent model optimizing the economics of plant scale for generalized conditions, the authors evaluated the feasibility and optimal scale of NZW plants for treatment capacity expansion in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Local data on population distribution and topography were input to compare projected costs for NZW vs the current plan. Total cost was minimized at a scale of 49 NZW plants for the service population of 671,823. Total unit cost for NZW systems, which mineralize chemical oxygen demand to below normal detection limits, is projected at~$10.83 / 1000 gal, approximately 13% above the current plan and less than rates reported for several significant U.S. cities. Water Environ. Res., 88, 811 (2016).

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Section: Methods: the Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods: the Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods: the Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the Economic Feasibility of Large‐Scale Net‐Zero Water Management: A Case Study

Guo

Englehardt

Fallon

2016

Water Environment Research

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Applicability of energy-positive net-zero water management in Alaska: technology status and case study

Englehardt

Guo

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Challenges of water and wastewater management in Alaska include the potential need for above-grade and freeze-protected piping, high unit energy costs and, in many rural areas, low population density and median annual income. However, recently developed net-zero water (NZW), i.e., nearly closed-loop, direct potable water reuse systems, can retain the thermal energy in municipal wastewater, producing warm treated potable water without the need for substantial water re-heating, heat pumping or transfer, or additional energy conversion. Consequently, these systems are projected to be capable of saving more energy than they use in water treatment and conveyance, in the temperate USA. In this paper, NZW technology is reviewed in terms of potential applicability in Alaska by performing a hypothetical case study for the city of Fairbanks, Alaska. Results of this paper study indicate that in municipalities of Alaska with local engineering and road access, the use of NZW systems may provide an energy-efficient water service option. In particular, case study modeling suggests hot water energy savings are equivalent to five times the energy used for treatment, much greater savings than in mid-latitudes, due largely to the substantially higher energy needed for heating water from a conventional treatment system and lack of need for freeze-protected piping. Further study of the applicability of NZW technology in cold regions, with expanded evaluation in terms of system-wide lifecycle cost, is recommended.

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Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for potable water

Jarin

Dou

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Principles for scaling of distributed direct potable water reuse systems: A modeling study

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Modeling the Economic Feasibility of Large‐Scale Net‐Zero Water Management: A Case Study

Modeling the Economic Feasibility of Large‐Scale Net‐Zero Water Management: A Case Study

Applicability of energy-positive net-zero water management in Alaska: technology status and case study

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for potable water

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