Principles of Blood Pressure Measurement – Current Techniques, Office vs Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement.

Vischer, Annina S.; Burkard, Thilo

doi:10.1007/5584_2016_49

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…First, the sample was limited to a metropolitan city and cannot be generalized to a rural population. Second, we relied on office BP measurements rather than ambulatory BP measurements; hence, we cannot diagnose those with 'white coat' hypertension or 'masked' hypertension [40]; however, we tried to minimize this limitation by doing two standard measurements. Third, risk factors were only considered at the time of baseline recruitment and possible changes in risk factor status during the follow-up period were not taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Asgari

Moazzeni

Azizi

et al. 2020

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Background: Hypertension, with a prevalence of 25.6% is a serious public health concern in Iran. Objective: To investigate the population-based incidence of hypertension and its potential risk factors in Tehranian adults during a median follow-up of 13.1 years. Methods: A total of 6,533 non-hypertensive participants (women = 3,639), aged ≥20 years participated in the study. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates per 1000 person-years were calculated for each sex, separately. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all potential risk factors. Results: The crude and age-standardized incidence rates (95% CI) of hypertension per 1000 person-years were 29.7 (27.8-31.6) and 34.9 (32.5-37.4) among men and 25.8 (24.3-27.3) and 38.7 (35.5-42.0) among women, respectively. The incidence rate of hypertension in younger age groups was higher among men. However, after the 4 th decade, the incidence rate was higher among women. Significant interactions of sex with age groups, body mass index categories, marital status, hypertriglyceridemia and glycemic categories were found in multivariable analyses (all p-values < 0.05). In the multivariable model, the risk in both sexes was found to be significantly associated with older age, obesity, and normal or high normal blood pressure (BP). Moreover, factors such as being overweight [HR: 1.20 (1.00-1.44)], former smoking [2.15 (1.52-3.04)], hypertriglyceridemia [1.23 (1.06-1.43)] and pre-diabetes status [1.19 (1.02-1.39)] were significant predictors of incident hypertension among women. Central obesity was found to be a significant predictor among men [1.26 (1.03-1.54)]. The optimism-corrected Harrell's C index (95% CI) in the categorical adjusted model was 0.75 (0.74-0.79) among men and 0.75 (0.74-0.76) among women. Conclusion: In the Tehranian population, nearly 2.7% of total participants (3% of men and 2.6% of women) develop hypertension each year. Obesity and high BP levels are the main modifiable risk factors in both sexes. Hypertriglyceridemia, prediabetes and former smoking are risk factors for hypertension among women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Asgari

Moazzeni

Azizi

et al. 2020

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“…Oscillotonometry: this functions by reconstructing the brachial blood pressure waveform from a finger blood pressure waveform. 92 Finapres 61 (FINger Arterial PRESure) and Finometer 92 are examples of finger devices that function as continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitors. 93 Portapres is a non-invasive ambulatory finger blood pressure device.…”

Section: Automated Blood Pressure-measuring Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crossed leg occurs in 15% of measurements and increases the systolic blood pressure by 2-8 mmHg. 92 The key messages are presented in Table 3.…”

Section: Challenges Associated With Blood Pressure Measurement In Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure measurement in pregnancy and in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: devices, techniques and challenges

Ngene

Moodley

2019

CVJA

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Measurement of blood pressure is essential for clinical management of patients. To obtain an accurate blood pressure reading, the use of a validated device and an appropriate technique are required. This is of particular importance in pregnancy where the physiological changes affect vessel wall compliance. Moreover, currently it is difficult to predict in early pregnancy (prior to 20 weeks of gestation) which women would develop hypertension or pre-eclampsia. For this reason, blood pressure devices require validation in pregnancy and in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to ensure that accurate readings are obtained and utilised for clinical decisions, otherwise the safety of the mother or the foetus/ neonate or both may be compromised. The authors provide a narrative review on devices and techniques for blood pressure measurement in pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as well as the associated challenges.

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“…These risk factors are most commonly assessed via measurement at a single time point, with the result guiding clinical action (e.g., prescription for a cholesterol-lowering statin drug) [189]. However, many risk factors vary substantially and rhythmically over the course of hours and days [101112], suggesting that a single point measure may be more reliably interpreted when taken in temporal context. Indeed, accounting for short-timescale variability has improved the ability to anticipate cardiovascular events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, accounting for short-timescale variability has improved the ability to anticipate cardiovascular events. For example, accounting for diurnal variability in blood pressure has allowed clinicians to determine that the absence of a nightly dip indicates elevated cardiovascular risk [71113141516], and that individuals are more likely to experience chest pain [17] or heart attack [18] in the morning hours. Other risk factors, like blood glucose, vary significantly by time of day (e.g., Dawn phenomenon, ultradian glucose pulsatility), and current research aims to use knowledge of this variability to personalize clinical recommendations [19202122232425].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Living Humans Cross Cardiovascular Disease Risk Categories Due to Daily Rhythms in Cholesterol and Triglycerides

Grant

Wolf

2019

Journal of Circadian Rhythms

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Cardiovascular disease risk assessment relies on single time-point measurement of risk factors. Although significant daily rhythmicity of some risk factors (e.g., blood pressure and blood glucose) suggests that carefully timed samples or biomarker timeseries could improve risk assessment, such rhythmicity in lipid risk factors is not well understood in free-living humans. As recent advances in at-home blood testing permit lipid data to be frequently and reliably self-collected during daily life, we hypothesized that total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol or triglycerides would show significant time-of-day variability under everyday conditions. To address this hypothesis, we worked with data collected by 20 self-trackers during personal projects. The dataset consisted of 1,319 samples of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and comprised timeseries illustrating intra and inter-day variability. All individuals crossed at least one risk category in at least one output within a single day. 90% of fasted individuals (n = 12) crossed at least one risk category in one output during the morning hours alone (06:00–08:00) across days. Both individuals and the aggregated group show significant, rhythmic change by time of day in total cholesterol and triglycerides, but not HDL-cholesterol. Two individuals collected additional data sufficient to illustrate ultradian (hourly) fluctuation in triglycerides, and total cholesterol fluctuation across the menstrual cycle. Short-term variability of sufficient amplitude to affect diagnosis appears common. We conclude that cardiovascular risk assessment may be augmented via further research into the temporal dynamics of lipids. Some variability can be accounted for by a daily rhythm, but ultradian and menstrual rhythms likely contribute additional variance.

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Principles of Blood Pressure Measurement – Current Techniques, Office vs Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement.

Cited by 80 publications

References 44 publications

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Blood pressure measurement in pregnancy and in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: devices, techniques and challenges

Free-Living Humans Cross Cardiovascular Disease Risk Categories Due to Daily Rhythms in Cholesterol and Triglycerides

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