Principles of esophageal cancer surgery, including surgical approaches and optimal node dissection (2- vs. 3-field)

Abstract

Surgery for esophageal carcinoma and carcinoma of the gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) is considered as one of the most complex and challenging interventions on the digestive tract. This is due to the intimate relations with vital structures in the chest and the tendency of early lymphatic dissemination via a dense and complex submucosal network. This review article discusses the different aspects of surgical access routes in the light of the ever-evolving techniques, in particular the minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). The aspects of surgical approach are inextricably linked to the still ongoing debate on extent of lymphadenectomy, a debate that is obtaining a new dimension in view of the widely applied neoadjuvant therapy protocols as well as in view of the increasing importance of quality of life aspects after surgery. Finally, the authors provide a practical and patient tailored approach as applied in their center.

ANXA10 induction by interaction with tumor‐associated macrophages promotes the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…( e ) The effects of ANXA10 overexpression on the cell growth of TE‐15 cells was confirmed by MTS assay. Cells were seeded on 24‐well plates at 1.0 × 10 cells/well in serum‐free RPMI‐1640. After 24 h, cell growth activities were determined by an MTS assay.…”

“…The TE cells were seeded in 24 plates at 1.0 × 10/well with serum‐free medium and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO 2 . After 24or 48 h, CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Reagent (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) was added to each well.…”

“…ESCC is characterized by early lymphatic metastasis, which is the main cause of the poor prognosis in patients with this malignancy . Even in superficial esophageal cancers invading no further than the submucosa, 30%–40% of the cases have regional lymph node metastasis . Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are known to contribute to a high risk of ESCC and genetic polymorphisms including ALDH2 , CCND1 , PTEN and PD‐L1 have been identified as risks for ESCC …”

ypT0N+: the unusual patient with pathological complete tumor response but with residual lymph node disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for esophageal cancer, what’s up?

“…Over 20 years, the evolution towards minimally invasive surgery was also made in our institution with somewhat more than half of our patients operated minimally invasively in the last years. Details on approach, lymph node dissection and indications have been described earlier (12,13).…”

Effect of perioperative oral care on prevention of postoperative pneumonia associated with esophageal cancer surgery

“…With the development of various treatment methods, including perioperative management, prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer has improved in recent decades. [ 1 ] However, some adverse events, such as suture insufficiency and cardiovascular and respiratory complications, often occur postoperatively. [ 2 ] Postoperative pneumonia is one of the more frequent and possibly fatal complications among patients who undergo major esophageal surgery.…”