2018
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0894-4
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Principles of Exercise Prescription, and How They Influence Exercise-Induced Changes of Transcription Factors and Other Regulators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Abstract: Physical inactivity represents the fourth leading risk factor for mortality, and it has been linked with a series of chronic disorders, the treatment of which absorbs ~ 85% of healthcare costs in developed countries. Conversely, physical activity promotes many health benefits; endurance exercise in particular represents a powerful stimulus to induce mitochondrial biogenesis, and it is routinely used to prevent and treat chronic metabolic disorders linked with sub-optimal mitochondrial characteristics. Given th… Show more

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Cited by 99 publications
(84 citation statements)
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References 173 publications
(311 reference statements)
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“…Based on temporal (Egan et al., ; Perry et al., ; Serpiello et al., ; Stepto et al., ) and correlational (Bonafiglia et al., ; Raue et al., ) relationships between acute changes in mRNA expression and chronic skeletal muscle adaptation, mRNA expression is frequently used as a primary outcome measure when determining the effectiveness of an acute exercise stimulus or when comparing exercise protocols that vary in intensity, duration, and/or volume (Granata et al., ; Islam et al., ; MacInnis et al., ; Miller et al., ). Further, as awareness of training response heterogeneity and interest in personalized exercise prescription has increased, changes in mRNA expression have also been examined at the individual level (Bamman et al., ; Osler et al., ; Teran‐Garcia et al., ; Timmons et al., ,b).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Based on temporal (Egan et al., ; Perry et al., ; Serpiello et al., ; Stepto et al., ) and correlational (Bonafiglia et al., ; Raue et al., ) relationships between acute changes in mRNA expression and chronic skeletal muscle adaptation, mRNA expression is frequently used as a primary outcome measure when determining the effectiveness of an acute exercise stimulus or when comparing exercise protocols that vary in intensity, duration, and/or volume (Granata et al., ; Islam et al., ; MacInnis et al., ; Miller et al., ). Further, as awareness of training response heterogeneity and interest in personalized exercise prescription has increased, changes in mRNA expression have also been examined at the individual level (Bamman et al., ; Osler et al., ; Teran‐Garcia et al., ; Timmons et al., ,b).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, increases in mRNA expression following acute exercise precede chronic increases in mitochondrial protein content (Egan, O'Connor, Zierath, & O'Gorman, ; Perry et al., ; Serpiello et al., ; Stepto et al., ) and correlate with training‐induced increases in muscle size, strength (Raue et al., ) and oxidative capacity (Bonafiglia et al., ). These finding have led to the assumption that larger increases in mRNA expression following acute exercise represent a greater activation of adaptive processes underlying skeletal muscle remodelling (Granata, Jamnick, & Bishop, ; Islam, Edgett, & Gurd, ; MacInnis et al., ; Miller, Konopka, & Hamilton, ). Thus, there is interest in examining factors that may explain inter‐individual variation in mRNA expression following acute exercise (Bajpeyi et al., ) and in comparing mRNA profiles between high and low responders for training‐induced changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (Timmons et al., ,b), blood glucose regulation (Osler et al., ; Teran‐Garcia, Rankinen, Koza, Rao, & Bouchard, ), and muscle hypertrophy (Bamman, Petrella, Kim, Mayhew, & Cross, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…This seminal work inspired others to investigate the effects of different volumes and intensities of exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis using a range of techniques (as reviewed in Granata et al . ). The ‘gold standard’ method for assessing mitochondrial content is transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which can be used to calculate mitochondrial volume density (Mito VD ) or mitochondrial fractional area (Larsen et al .…”
Section: Relationship Between Training Volume and Training‐induced Chmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] While these responses are affected by the nature of the exercise (eg, the exercise intensity 2,9,10 ), there is evidence substrate availability is also a potent modulator of this response. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] While these responses are affected by the nature of the exercise (eg, the exercise intensity 2,9,10 ), there is evidence substrate availability is also a potent modulator of this response.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%