Principles of insect pathology

Steinhaus, Edward A.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(67)90149-8

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Whether or not the applications were successful, Snow must be credited with alerting farmers and entomologists to the potential of epizootics to control insect pests. Steinhaus (1949) urges caution in extending the conclusions of Billings and Glenn beyond this case.…”

Section: Snowing Conidia In the Us Plainsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The approach has been applied to weeds and invertebrates other than insects, but its past and present is predominantly in insect control, which is subject of this discussion. Various aspects of the history of microbial insect control have been admirably reviewed by several authors (Lacey et al, 2001;Starnes et al, 1993), but the early events are captured most completely by Steinhaus (1949Steinhaus ( , 1956Steinhaus ( , 1957Steinhaus ( , 1975.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Metchnikoff to Monsanto and beyond: The path of microbial control

Lord

2005

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

142

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In 125 years since MetchnikoV proposed the use of Metarhizium anisopliae to control the wheat cockchafer and brought about the Wrst Weld trials, microbial control has progressed from the application of naturalists' observations to biotechnology and precision delivery. This review highlights major milestones in its evolution and presents a perspective on its current direction. Fungal pathogens, the most eye-catching agents, dominated the early period, but major mycological control eVorts for chinch bugs and citrus pests in the US had questionable success, and interest waned. The discoveries of Bacillus popilliae and Bacillus thuringiensis began the era of practical and commercially viable microbial control. A program to control the Japanese beetle in the US led to the discovery of both B. popilliae and Steinernema glaseri, the Wrst nematode used as a microbial control agent. Viral insect control became practical in the latter half of the 20th century, and the Wrst registration was obtained with the Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in 1975. Now strategies are shifting for microbial control. While Bt transgenic crops are now planted on millions of hectares, the successes of more narrowly deWned microbial control are mainly in small niches. Commercial enthusiasm for traditional microbial control agents has been unsteady in recent years. The prospects of microbial insecticide use on vast areas of major crops are now viewed more realistically. Regulatory constraints, activist resistance, benign and eYcacious chemicals, and limited research funding all drive changes in focus. Emphasis is shifting to monitoring, conservation, integration with chemical pesticides, and selection of favorable venues such as organic agriculture and countries that have low costs, mild regulatory climates, modest chemical inputs, and small scale farming. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Section: Snowing Conidia In the Us Plainsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Metchnikoff to Monsanto and beyond: The path of microbial control

Lord

2005

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

142

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“…Weight and survival of 1st-generation European coim borer larvae were reduced when subjected to a combination of N. pyrausta infection and resistance to leaf feeding . Similarly, Lynch and Lewis (1976) (Steinhaus, 1949). Subsequent investigators found that other insects, particularly in the Order Lepidoptera, were susceptible to thuringiensis and several varieties could be isolated (Heimpel, 1967).…”

Section: Review Of Literature European Corn Borermentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and laboratory studies on suppressing populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, with Nosema pyrausta, Bacillus thuringiensis, carbaryl and carbofuran

Lublinkhof

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“…According to Steinhaus (1949), the microbial control of insects must be considered as an integral part of the general field of entomology usually spoken of as "biological-controlThe term microbial control is that part of biological control concerned with microorganisms. Microbial control can result from naturally occurring pathogens or from pathogens applied by man.…”

Section: Insect Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial control can result from naturally occurring pathogens or from pathogens applied by man. Sweetman (1958) Steinhaus (1949) has given an extensive review of bacterial diseases of bees.…”

Section: Insect Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the European corn borer with the fungi, Metarrhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana

Smith

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Principles of insect pathology

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

From Metchnikoff to Monsanto and beyond: The path of microbial control

From Metchnikoff to Monsanto and beyond: The path of microbial control

Field and laboratory studies on suppressing populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, with Nosema pyrausta, Bacillus thuringiensis, carbaryl and carbofuran

Control of the European corn borer with the fungi, Metarrhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana

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