Principles of Nano-Optics

Novotny, Lukas; Hecht, Bert

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511794193

Cited by 2,602 publications

(2,748 citation statements)

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“…The field produced by each surface element dxdy is the same as that of a dipole (iη/ω) dxdy. Summing all of these dipole contributions, and including the effect of a substrate through its Fresnel coefficients, 36 we find the self-consistent relation…”

Section: Fourier Expansion Methods For Nanoribbonsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light–Matter Interactions

2011

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Graphene plasmons provide a suitable alternative to noble-metal plasmons because they exhibit much larger confinement and relatively long propagation distances, with the advantage of being highly tunable via electrostatic gating. We report strong lightmatter interaction assisted by graphene plasmons, and in particular, we predict unprecedented high decay rates of quantum emitters in the proximity of a carbon sheet, large vacuum Rabi splitting and Purcell factors, and extinction cross sections exceeding the geometrical area in graphene ribbons and nanometer-sized disks. Our results provide the basis for the emerging and potentially far-reaching field of graphene plasmonics, offering an ideal platform for cavity quantum electrodynamics and supporting the possibility of single-molecule, single-plasmon devices. * To whom correspondence should be addressed Surfaces plasmons (SPs), the electromagnetic waves coupled to charge excitations at the surface of a metal, are the pillar stones of applications as varied as ultrasensitive optical biosensing, 1-3 photonic metamaterials, 4 light harvesting, 5,6 optical nano-antennas, 7 and quantum information processing. [8][9][10][11] However, even noble metals, which are widely regarded as the best available plasmonic materials, 12 are hardly tunable and exhibit large ohmic losses that limit their applicability to optical processing devices.In this context, doped graphene emerges as an alternative, unique two-dimensional plasmonic material that displays a wide range of extraordinary properties. 13 This atomically thick sheet of carbon is generating tremendous interest due to its superior electronic and mechanical properties, 14-20 which originate in part from its charge carriers of zero effective mass (the so-called Dirac fermions 18 ) that can travel for micrometers without scattering, even at room temperature. 21 Furthermore, rapid progress in growth and transfer techniques have sparked expectations for large-scale production of graphene-based devices and a wide range of potential applications such as high-frequency nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, transparent electrodes, and composite materials. 17 Recently, graphene has also been recognized as a versatile optical material for novel photonic 22 and optoelectronic applications, 23 such as solar cells, photodetectors, 24 light emitting devices, ultrafast lasers, optical sensing, 25 and metamaterials. 26 The outstanding potential of this atomic monolayer is emphasized by its remarkably high absorption 27,28 ≈ πα ≈ 2.3%, where α = e 2 /hc ≈ 1/137 is the fine-structure constant. Moreover, the linear dispersion of the Dirac fermions enables broadband applications, in which electric gating can be used to induce dramatic changes in the optical properties. 29All of these photonic and optoelectronic applications rely on the interaction of propagating far-field photons with graphene. Additionally, SPs bound to the surface of doped graphene exhibit a number of favorable properties that make graphene an attractive alternative to tr...

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Section: Fourier Expansion Methods For Nanoribbonsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light–Matter Interactions

2011

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“…When a plasmonic particle is positioned in vacuum above a dielectric halfspace, the corresponding "image particle" has a surface charge reduced by (ε À 1)/(ε þ 1). 28,44,50 For silicon, which has a large and strongly dispersive permittivity ( Figure 1E, green lines), the substrate interaction can be conceptually understood as the hybridization of a Ga dimer formed by the NP and its image particle with an SiO 2 -filled nanogap. 43,51À53 Interactions between real and image particles allow higher order (i.e., nondipolar) modes to couple with the dipolar modes, causing resonances to shift and enabling the excitation of nondipolar charge distributions by the dipolar field of light.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Gallium Plasmonics: Deep Subwavelength Spectroscopic Imaging of Single and Interacting Gallium Nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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Gallium has recently been demonstrated as a phasechange plasmonic material offering UV tunability, facile synthesis, and a remarkable stability due to its thin, self-terminating native oxide. However, the dense irregular nanoparticle (NP) ensembles fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxy make optical measurements of individual particles challenging. Here we employ hyperspectral cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy to characterize the response of single Ga NPs of various sizes within an irregular ensemble by spatially and spectrally resolving both in-plane and out-of-plane plasmonic modes. These modes, which include hybridized dipolar and higher-order terms due to phase retardation and substrate interactions, are correlated with finite difference time domain (FDTD) electrodynamics calculations that consider the Ga NP contact angle, substrate, and native Ga/Si surface oxidation. This study experimentally confirms previous theoretical predictions of plasmonic size-tunability in single Ga NPs and demonstrates that the plasmonic modes of interacting Ga nanoparticles can hybridize to produce strong hot spots in the ultraviolet. The controlled, robust UV plasmonic resonances of gallium nanoparticles are applicable to energy-and phase-specific applications such as optical memory, environmental remediation, and simultaneous fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopies.

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“…6 In the case of plasmonic structures, like for example thin metal films, metal patches, and sharp metal tips, the electric field can be enhanced and spatially localized in an area much smaller than the diffraction limit. 7 As a consequence, for similar illumination intensity, these structures generate much larger gradient forces than in the case of far-field trapping.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…6 The antenna in Figure 3a is used as an example to plot the amplitude of the electric field enhancement, Figure 3b. A rapid field amplitude drop is observed in the blue area at the periphery of the antenna gap.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trapping and Sensing 10 nm Metal Nanoparticles Using Plasmonic Dipole Antennas

et al. 2010

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The optical trapping of Au nanoparticles with dimensions as small as 10 nm in the gap of plasmonic dipole antennas is demonstrated. Single nanoparticle trapping events are recorded in real time by monitoring the Rayleigh scattering spectra of individual plasmonic antennas. Numerical simulations are also performed to interpret the experimental results, indicating the possibility to trap nanoparticles only a few nanometers in size. This work unveils the potential associated with the integration of plasmonic trapping with localized surface plasmon resonance based sensing techniques, in order to deliver analyte to specific, highly sensitive regions ("hot spots").

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Principles of Nano-Optics

Cited by 2,602 publications

References 0 publications

Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light–Matter Interactions

Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light–Matter Interactions

Gallium Plasmonics: Deep Subwavelength Spectroscopic Imaging of Single and Interacting Gallium Nanoparticles

Trapping and Sensing 10 nm Metal Nanoparticles Using Plasmonic Dipole Antennas

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