Principles of seed banks and the emergence of complexity from dormancy

Lennon, Jay T.; Hollander, Frank den; Wilke-Berenguer, Maite; Blath, Jochen

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24733-1

Cited by 72 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…In nature, R. rugosa generally completes its growth cycle within 1 year, but the hard-to-break seed dormancy greatly limits this process ( Righetti et al, 2015 ). A species invests in long-lived individuals (e.g., dormant seeds) to help populations persist through periods of unfavorable conditions ( Lennon et al, 2021 ). Because most offspring develop close to their natal site, dormancy can alter classic metacommunity patterns of diversity in ways that depend on dispersal–dormancy covariation and spatiotemporal environmental variability ( Wisnoski et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the bright color and high nutritional value, birds readily consume the fruits and seeds of R. rugosa ( Møller et al, 2012 ; Martin-Albarracin et al, 2018 ). Therefore, the more underlying details can be critical for an in-depth understanding of how simulated birds feed and digestion operates within R. rugosa population to provide a comprehensive description of the molecular and physiological factors underlying dormancy among broad lineages of plants ( Lennon et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cool–Warm Temperature Stratification and Simulated Bird Digestion Optimize Removal of Dormancy in Rosa rugosa Seeds

et al. 2022

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Rosa rugosa Thunb. has been explored multi-function in medicinal, edible, cosmetic, ornamental and ecological etc. However, R. rugosa natural populations have recently declined substantially in China, besides of global climate change, this species also has the defect of limiting the reproduction of itself such as the hard-to-release seed dormancy. In this study, only 30% of R. rugosa seeds were viable, and the others were incompletely developed or diseased seeds. Without stratification, morphologically complete viable seeds imbibed water but those seeds could not germinate even after seed husk removal under suitable condition to exhibit a physiological dormancy. After cold (4°C) and warm (18 ± 2°C) stratification, macromolecular substances containing carbon or nitrogen accumulated, and respiration, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gibberellin (GA3) /abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA)/ABA ratios increased significantly in seeds. Water absorption also increased as endocarps softened. Thus, physiological dormancy of seed was broken. Although warm and cold stratification increased separation between endocarp and embryo, the endocarp binding force was removed insufficiently, because only 10.20% of seeds germinated. Therefore, stratified seeds were treated with simulated bird digestion. Then, folds and cracks in loosened endocarps increased permeability, and water absorption rate increased to 64.43% compare to 21.14% in cold and warm stratification treatment. With simulated digestion, 24.20% of radicles broke through the endocarp with plumules and cambiums to develop into seedlings. Thus, the seed dormancy type of R. rugosa is physiological as seeds imbibed water and possessed fully developed embryos with a low growth potential in combination with a mechanical constraint from the endocarp. Cold stratification helped remove physiological dormancy, and additional warm stratification accelerated the process. The optimal stratification treatment was 4°C for 45 days followed by 18 ± 2°C for 15 days. After warm and cold stratification, simulated bird digestion broke the mechanical constraint from the seed covering layers. Based on this research, production of R. rugosa seedlings can be greatly increased to help protect the species from further declines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cool–Warm Temperature Stratification and Simulated Bird Digestion Optimize Removal of Dormancy in Rosa rugosa Seeds

et al. 2022

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“…The corresponding trait is wide-spread among many taxa, including many microbial species, see e.g. [27] and [28] for overviews.…”

Section: Background: the F-kpp Equation With Dormancymentioning

confidence: 99%

How the interplay of dormancy and selection affects the wave of advance of an advantageous gene

Blath,

Jacobi,

Nie

2021

Preprint

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In this paper we investigate the spread of advantageous genes in two variants of the F-KPP model with dormancy. The first variant, in which dormant individuals do not move in space and instead form 'localized seed banks', has recently been introduced in Blath, Hammer and Nie (2020). However, there, only a relatively crude upper bound for the critical speed of potential travelling wave solutions has been provided. The second model variant is new and describes a situation in which the dormant forms of individuals are subject to motion, while the 'active' individuals remain spatially static instead. This can be motivated e.g. by spore dispersal of fungi, where the 'dormant' spores are distributed by wind, water or insects, while the 'active' fungi are locally fixed. For both models, we establish the existence of monotone travelling wave solutions, determine the corresponding critical wave-speed in terms of the model parameters, and characterize aspects of the asymptotic shape of the waves depending on the decay properties of the initial condition.Interestingly, the slow-down effect of dormancy on the speed of propagation of beneficial alleles is often more serious in model variant II (the 'spore model') than in variant I (the 'seed bank model'), and this can be understood mathematically via probabilistic representations of solutions in terms of (two variants of) 'on/off branching Brownian motions'. Our proofs make rather heavy use of probabilistic tools in the tradition of McKean (1975), Bramson (1978), Neveu (1987, Lalley and Sellke (1987), Champneys et al (1995) and others. However, the two-compartment nature of the model and the special forms of dormancy also pose obstacles to the classical formalism, giving rise to a variety of open research questions that we briefly discuss at the end of the paper.

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“…It may also lead to qualitatively different equilibria and time scales of convergence. For a panoramic view on the role of dormancy in the life sciences, we refer the reader to [40].…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switching interacting particle systems: scaling limits, uphill diffusion and boundary layer

Floreani,

Giardinà,

Hollander

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this paper we consider three classes of interacting particle systems on Z: independent random walks, the exclusion process, and the inclusion process. We allow particles to switch their jump rate (the rate identifies the type of particle) between 1 (fast particles) and ∈ [0, 1] (slow particles). The switch between the two jump rates happens at rate γ ∈ (0, ∞). In the exclusion process, the interaction is such that each site can be occupied by at most one particle of each type. In the inclusion process, the interaction takes places between particles of the same type at different sites and between particles of different type at the same site.We derive the macroscopic limit equations for the three systems, obtained after scaling space by N −1 , time by N 2 , the switching rate by N −2 , and letting N → ∞. The limit equations for the macroscopic densities associated to the fast and slow particles is the well-studied double diffusivity model. This system of reaction-diffusion equations was introduced to model polycrystal diffusion and dislocation pipe diffusion, with the goal to overcome the limitations imposed by Fick's law. In order to investigate the microscopic out-of-equilibrium properties, we analyse the system on [N] = {1, . . . , N}, adding boundary reservoirs at sites 1 and N of fast and slow particles, respectively. Inside [N] particles move as before, but now particles are injected and absorbed at sites 1 and N with prescribed rates that depend on the particle type. We compute the steady-state density profile and the steady-state current. It turns out that uphill diffusion is possible, i.e., the total flow can be in the direction of increasing total density. This phenomenon, which cannot occur in a single-type particle system, is a violation of Fick's law made possible by the switching between types. We rescale the microscopic steady-state density profile and steady-state current and obtain the steady-state solution of a boundary-value problem for the double diffusivity model.

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Principles of seed banks and the emergence of complexity from dormancy

Cited by 72 publications

References 180 publications

Cool–Warm Temperature Stratification and Simulated Bird Digestion Optimize Removal of Dormancy in Rosa rugosa Seeds

Cool–Warm Temperature Stratification and Simulated Bird Digestion Optimize Removal of Dormancy in Rosa rugosa Seeds

How the interplay of dormancy and selection affects the wave of advance of an advantageous gene

Switching interacting particle systems: scaling limits, uphill diffusion and boundary layer

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