Principles of the prolactin/vasoinhibin axis

Abstract

The hormonal family of vasoinhibins, which derive from the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin, are known for their inhibiting effects on blood vessel growth, vasopermeability, and vasodilation. As pleiotropic hormones, vasoinhibins act in multiple target organs and tissues. The generation, secretion, and regulation of vasoinhibins are embedded into the organizational principle of an axis, which integrates the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the target tissue microenvironment. This axis is designated as the prolactin/vasoinhibin axis. Disturbances of the prolactin/vasoinhibin axis are associated with the pathogenesis of retinal and cardiac diseases and with diseases occurring during pregnancy. New phylogenetical, physiological, and clinical implications are discussed.

Short-Term Hyperprolactinemia Reduces the Expression of Purinergic P2X7 Receptors during Allergic Inflammatory Response of the Lungs

“…Thus, fibroblasts produce prolactin and can locally process prolactin at a fraction of 16 KDa, enhancing their function as an autocrine factor in the lung [44]. As 16 KDa prolactin activates NF-κβ in primary lung fibroblasts, this effect may lead to the production of the iNOS gene [3, 45, 46]. It has been demonstrated experimentally that administration of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 alleviates the symptoms of the inflammatory response and decreased iNOS expression in the rat asthma model.…”

Comment On: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Treatment with Dopamine Agonist and Subsequent Pregnancy with a Satisfactory Outcome

“…These prolactin-fragments are termed vasoinhibins, and represent a family of hormones with effects on the angiogenesis-mediated growth of reproductive and non-reproductive organs, and in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, such as pre-eclampsia, PPCM, and diabetic retinopathy. [3][4][5][6][7] In PPCM, vasoinhibins cause heart failure by impairing coronary microvascular growth and function. 3 While the report by Medeiros e Melo et al is consistent with the above-mentioned concept, it lacks important information for claiming a similar mechanism.…”

<b>Efeitos da hiperprolactinemia sobre a inflamação alérgica pulmonar em ratos Wistar</b>

“…Tendo em vista estas semelhanças, foi postulado que a origem destes hormônios envolveria a duplicação de um único gene ancestral (LARREA et al, 1993). Um único gene é encontrado no cromossoma 6 nos humanos (LARREA et al, 1993;PEREIRA et al, 2015) (MACOTELA et al, 2002;TRIEBEL et al, 2015).…”

“…As outras isoformas incluem uma prolactina maior que 56 kDa e uma macroprolactina de 150-160 kDa. A macroprolactina é principalmente constituída por um complexo de prolactina monomérica (LARREA et al, 1993;ORBACH et al, 2012;COSTANZA et al, 2015 KDa (MACOTELA et al, 2002;COSTANZA et al, 2015;TRIEBEL et al, 2015), esses peptídeos atuam sobre as células endoteliais para inibir sua proliferação, e migração, diminuir a vasodilatação e a vaso permeabilidade e promover a apoptose mediada pela regressão vascular (MACOTELA et al, 2002;TRIEBEL et al, 2015).…”

“…As variantes de prolactina poderiam alterar sua atividade biológica (PEREIRA et al, 2015 (MACOTELA et al, 2002;TRIEBEL et al, 2015).…”