Print-and-scan model and the watermarking countermeasure

Yu, Liangyao; Niu, Xiamu; Sun, Songlin

doi:10.1016/j.imavis.2005.05.014

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Nevertheless, these techniques cannot be extended to printed images since images are composed by pixels instead of lines of characters. In other proposals, the complex nature of the print-scan problem has been carefully analyzed under controlled conditions [17]- [19]. These applications usually focus on the distortion over the image caused by the print-scan process, such as pixel distortion, rotation and translation, and do not consider the possibility of that the watermarked image can be severely damaged and segmented by an edition process before printing.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Visible Watermarking with Automated Location Technique for Copyright Protection of Portrait Images

Cedillo-Hernandez

Cedillo-Hernández

García-Ugalde

et al. 2016

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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SUMMARYA visible watermarking technique to provide copyright protection for portrait images is proposed in this paper. The proposal is focused on real-world applications where a portrait image is printed and illegitimately used for commercial purposes. It is well known that this is one of the most difficult challenges to prove ownership through current watermark techniques. We propose an original approach which avoids the deficiencies of typical watermarking methods in practical scenarios by introducing a smart process to automatically detect the most suitable region of the portrait image, where the visible watermark goes unnoticed to the naked eye of a viewer and is robust enough to remain visible when printed. The position of the watermark is determined by performing an analysis of the portrait image characteristics taking into account several conditions of their spatial information together with human visual system properties. Once the location is set, the watermark embedding process is performed adaptively by creating a contrast effect between the watermark and its background. Several experiments are performed to illustrate the proper functioning of the proposed watermark algorithm on portrait images with different characteristics, including dimensions, backgrounds, illumination and texture, with the conclusion that it can be applied in many practical situations.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Visible Watermarking with Automated Location Technique for Copyright Protection of Portrait Images

Cedillo-Hernandez

Cedillo-Hernández

García-Ugalde

et al. 2016

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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“…There are several papers that model Print-Scan distortions [16,17]. Generally, we can divide these distortions into three parts [18]: 1) "Randomness": The printed and scanned image is highly different than the original digital image. 2) "Man-dependency": the setting of the printer and the scanner may change; and also the paper orientation in printer's paper input tray and on flatbed of scanner may change during the PS process.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longjiang Yu [18] proposes a print-and-scan model so that his work is realized in the presence of an added rectangular frame around the watermark location. This rectangular frame around watermark location makes it easier to find the geometric distortion along the print-scan process, and to localize the watermark location.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watermarking in E-commerce

Rahmati¹,

Adler²,

Tran³

2013

IJACSA

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Abstract-A major challenge for E-commerce and contentbased businesses is the possibility of altering identity documents or other digital data. This paper shows a watermark-based approach to protect digital identity documents against a PrintScan (PS) attack. We propose a secure ID card authentication system based on watermarking. For authentication purposes, a user/customer is asked to upload a scanned picture of a passport or ID card through the internet to fulfill a transaction online. To provide security in online ID card submission, we need to robustly encode personal information of ID card's holder into the card itself, and then extract the hidden information correctly in a decoder after the PS operation. The PS operation imposes several distortions, such as geometric, rotation, and histogram distortion, on the watermark location, which may cause the loss of information in the watermark. An online secure authentication system needs to first eliminate the distortion of the PS operation before decoding the hidden data. This study proposes five preprocessing blocks to remove the distortions of the PS operation: filtering, localization, binarization, undoing rotation, and cropping. Experimental results with 100 ID cards showed that the proposed online ID card authentication system has an average accuracy of 99% in detecting hidden information inside ID cards after the PS process. The innovations of this study are the implementation of an online watermark-based authentication system which uses a scanned ID card picture without any added frames around the watermark location, unlike previous systems.

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“…To handle the rotation problem in the watermarking scheme, one should use either a marker to calculate the rotational angle or can use watermarking scheme in RST invariant domain like fourier-mellin transformation [12]. L.Yu suggested a marker model to calculate the rotational angle by morphology based contour tracing [9]. Here we are proposing another efficient scheme to calculate the rotational angle as well as detection technique of the source image.…”

Section: B Scanning Procedurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…C.Y.Lin proposes a model for print and scan without any countermeasure [8]. L.Yu proposes another model for printscan and also proposes a countermeasure [9]. But details description about the watermark bit insertion and extraction process are not available in those published literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inexpensive digital watermarking scheme for printed document

Kundu¹,

Maiti²

2006

IET International Conference on Visual Information Engineering (VIE 2006)

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Abstract-This paper describes a method of hiding a copyright symbol into an print image which can survive against print-scan process. Copyright protection is a challenging problem specially for printed image document. Digital watermarking is one of the most efficient method to protect an image from unauthorized use. In this paper we propose an inexpensive hardcopy watermarking technique which can survive print-scan transformation as well as small degree of geometric distortion. Experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed watermarking scheme. The proposed scheme could be used as an inexpensive method of copyright protection for printed document like passport, id card etc.

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Print-and-scan model and the watermarking countermeasure

Cited by 49 publications

References 9 publications

A Visible Watermarking with Automated Location Technique for Copyright Protection of Portrait Images

A Visible Watermarking with Automated Location Technique for Copyright Protection of Portrait Images

Watermarking in E-commerce

An inexpensive digital watermarking scheme for printed document

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