Printability–A key issue in extrusion-based bioprinting

Naghieh, Saman; Chen, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2021.02.001

Cited by 156 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The validation of the printed pieces was carried out by measuring their dimensions and comparing them with those on the CAD design. In this context, according to criteria described by many authors [27][28][29], an integrity factor was determined by comparing the thickness of the printed piece and the developed model. Additionally, different measurements of the length and width of the CAD model of the dog bone shape were taken as reference in order to analyze the deviations of the printed pieces compared with the CAD model.…”

Section: Diw 3d Printing Of Prepared Inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Waterborne Polyurethane–Urea Ink for Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing

Vadillo

Larraza²,

Calvo‐Correas³

et al. 2021

Materials

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In this work, polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol (PCL–PEG) based waterborne polyurethane–urea (WBPUU) inks have been developed for an extrusion-based 3D printing technology. The WBPUU, synthesized from an optimized ratio of hydrophobic polycaprolactone diol and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (0.2:0.8) in the soft segment, is able to form a physical gel at low solid contents. WBPUU inks with different solid contents have been synthesized. The rheology of the prepared systems was studied and the WBPUUs were subsequently used in the printing of different pieces to demonstrate the relationship between their rheological properties and their printing viability, establishing an optimal window of compositions for the developed WBPUU based inks. The results showed that the increase in solid content results in more structured inks, presenting a higher storage modulus as well as lower tan δ values, allowing for the improvement of the ink’s shape fidelity. However, an increase in solid content also leads to an increase in the yield point and viscosity, leading to printability limitations. From among all printable systems, the WBPUU with a solid content of 32 wt% is proposed to be the more suitable ink for a successful printing performance, presenting both adequate printability and good shape fidelity, which leads to the realization of a recognizable and accurate 3D construct and an understanding of its relationship with rheological parameters.

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Section: Diw 3d Printing Of Prepared Inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Waterborne Polyurethane–Urea Ink for Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing

Vadillo

Larraza²,

Calvo‐Correas³

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…The most popular ones are reviewed as follows: Extrudability: the minimum extrusion pressure required to print material at the desired flow rate [ 19 ]; Strand printability: This factor is used to compare printed strands dimeters with CAD-generated parameters strands. The expected strand diameter is [ 20 , 21 ]:

where D S , V n , and Q t are strands diameter, needle speed, and volumetric flow rate, respectively. So, needle speed affects the diameter of strands, and the below index is defined to compare printed strands with calculated ones:

Integrity factor: this factor compares the thickness of printed scaffolds and designed ones

Irregularity: In fact, this index is developed index of integrity in 3 dimensions.…”

Section: Experimental Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, needle speed affects the diameter of strands, and the below index is defined to compare printed strands with calculated ones:

Integrity factor: this factor compares the thickness of printed scaffolds and designed ones

Irregularity: In fact, this index is developed index of integrity in 3 dimensions. It compares the outer geometry of scaffolds with designed ones in X, Y, and Z directions [ 21 ]:

Pore printability: In addition to printability indexes such as irregularity and integrity factors which are based on the outer geometry of scaffolds, the pore printability index focuses on internal geometry. This index is utilized to determine how printed pores matched the designed square ones in a scaffold [ 19 , 21 ]:

…”

Section: Experimental Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printability and Cell Viability in Extrusion-Based Bioprinting from Experimental, Computational, and Machine Learning Views

Malekpour

Chen

2022

JFB

Self Cite

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Extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technology to apply biomaterials precisely with living cells (referred to as bioink) layer by layer to create three-dimensional (3D) functional constructs for tissue engineering. Printability and cell viability are two critical issues in the extrusion bioprinting process; printability refers to the capacity to form and maintain reproducible 3D structure and cell viability characterizes the amount or percentage of survival cells during printing. Research reveals that both printability and cell viability can be affected by various parameters associated with the construct design, bioinks, and bioprinting process. This paper briefly reviews the literature with the aim to identify the affecting parameters and highlight the methods or strategies for rigorously determining or optimizing them for improved printability and cell viability. This paper presents the review and discussion mainly from experimental, computational, and machine learning (ML) views, given their promising in this field. It is envisioned that ML will be a powerful tool to advance bioprinting for tissue engineering.

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“…Using hydrogels capable of being loaded with cells, 3D bioprinting can accurately construct functional tissues and organs with complex structures [20]. Owing to the possibility of rapidly creating new prototypes and the controllability of material preparation, 3D bioprinting has great potential in biomedical fields [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Agarose on 3D Bioprinting

2021

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In three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, the accuracy, stability, and mechanical properties of the formed structure are very important to the overall composition and internal structure of the complex organ. In traditional 3D bioprinting, low-temperature gelatinization of gelatin is often used to construct complex tissues and organs. However, the hydrosol relies too much on the concentration of gelatin and has limited formation accuracy and stability. In this study, we take advantage of the physical crosslinking of agarose at 35–40 °C to replace the single pregelatinization effect of gelatin in 3D bioprinting, and printing composite gelatin/alginate/agarose hydrogels at two temperatures, i.e., 10 °C and 24 °C, respectively. After in-depth research, we find that the structures manufactured by the pregelatinization method of agarose are significantly more accurate, more stable, and harder than those pregelatined by gelatin. We believe that this research holds the potential to be widely used in the future organ manufacturing fields with high structural accuracy and stability.

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Printability–A key issue in extrusion-based bioprinting

Cited by 156 publications

References 118 publications

Design of a Waterborne Polyurethane–Urea Ink for Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing

Design of a Waterborne Polyurethane–Urea Ink for Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing

Printability and Cell Viability in Extrusion-Based Bioprinting from Experimental, Computational, and Machine Learning Views

The Effect of Agarose on 3D Bioprinting

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