Printable wet-resistive textile strain sensors using bead-blended composite ink for robustly integrative wearable electronics

Jang, Siyeon; Choi, Ja Yun; Yoo, Eui Sang; Lim, Dae Young; Lee, Jun Young; Kim, Jung Kyu; Pang, Changhyun

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108674

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Wearable components are often fabricated by lithography, printing, and casting . Among these techniques, flatbed screen printing is a cost-effective protocol with the scope for large volume roll-to-roll production .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Ink for Advanced Wearable Devices

Pillai

Chandran

Surendran

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Silver nanoparticles of average size 12–13 nm were successfully decorated on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through a scalable wet chemical method without altering the structure of the MWCNTs. Employing this Ag@MWCNT, a multifunctional room-temperature curable conductive ink was developed, with PEDOT:PSS as the conductive binder. Screen printing of the ink could yield conductive planar traces with a 9.5 μm thickness and a conductivity of 28.99 S/cm, minimal surface roughness, and good adhesion on Mylar and Kapton. The versatility of the ink for developing functional elements for printed electronics was demonstrated by fabricating prototypes of a wearable strain sensor, a smart glove, a wearable heater, and a wearable breath sensor. The printed strain sensor exhibited a massive sensing range for wearable applications, including an impressive 1332% normalized resistance change under a maximum stretchability of 23% with superior cyclic stability up to 10 000 cycles. The sensor also exhibited an impeccable gauge factor of 142 for a 5% strain (59 for 23%). Furthermore, the sensor was integrated into a smart glove that could flawlessly replicate a human finger’s gestures with a minimal response time of 225–370 ms. Piezoresistive vibration sensors were also fabricated by printing the ink on Mylar, which was employed to fabricate a smart mask and a smart wearable patch to monitor variations in human respiratory and pulmonary cycles. Finally, an energy-efficient flexible heater was fabricated using the developed ink. The heater could generate a uniform temperature distribution of 130 °C at the expense of only 393 mW/cm2 and require a minimum response time of 20 s. Thus, the unique formulation of Ag@MWCNT ink proved suitable for versatile devices for future wearable applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Ink for Advanced Wearable Devices

Pillai

Chandran

Surendran

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…embedding various sensing technologies have gained even more popularity as they permit unobtrusive and continuous monitoring, ensuring no weight, bulkiness, or motion limitation for the user. These systems are typically equipped with strain sensors (e.g., resistive [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], capacitive [ 22 , 23 ], inductive [ 24 , 25 ], or fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]), allowing respiratory monitoring via the detection of breathing-related chest wall deformations [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Assessment of a Flexible Multi-Sensor Wearable System Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings for Respiratory Monitoring of Hemiplegic Patients

Zaltieri

Massaroni²,

Tocco³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Respiratory diseases are common in post-stroke hemiplegic patients and represent a major social problem as they worsen the quality of life and reduce the life span. As a consequence, being able to monitor respiratory parameters such as the respiratory rate (RR) and assess the presence of respiratory asynchronies could be of paramount importance to define hemiplegics’ health status. Moreover, RR is a useful parameter to investigate the level of fatigue and distress that these patients undergo during rehabilitation processes. Although motion capture systems and flowmeters are the leading instruments for respiratory pattern evaluation, smart wearable systems are gaining ever more acceptance since they allow continuous monitoring by detecting chest wall breathing displacements, ensuring reduced costs and no need for dedicated spaces. Among other sensing technologies, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged thanks to their high sensitivity to strain, lightness, and multiplexing capability. In this work, a wearable system composed of four flexible dumbbell-shaped sensing modules is proposed for respiratory monitoring in hemiplegic patients. The system is light and easy to wear and can be adapted to any anthropometry thanks to the modular anchoring system. Its feasibility assessment in RR evaluation was performed on seven hemiplegic volunteers in eupnea and tachypnea breathing conditions. In addition, an explorative investigation was conducted to assess the system’s ability to detect asynchronies between torso compartments. The good results suggest that this device could be a useful instrument to support clinicians and operators in hemiplegic patients’ management.

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“…In comparison with previous textile-based sensors reported in literature, the sensing performance of PESS is much better (Table 1). [15,23,31,[36][37][38][39] We also test the stability and reliability of the PESS in dynamic sensing under a cyclic stretching/relaxation loading to different strain levels: 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, and 55% (Figure 6d). Figure 6e shows that the PESS gives the same responses to a specific strain within the strain range of 0-55%, enabling accurate identification of specific motions or gestures.…”

Section: Strain Sensing Performance Of the Printed E-textilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22] The as-prepared e-textiles with this method need to be further integrated into clothing for real wearable applications. [23,24] Textile printing is widely used in the clothing industry for pattern decoration by directly screen-printing various inks onto the clothes. [25,26] Screen printing is another simple, fast, low-cost, and high-throughput fabrication technology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Printed Stretchable and Multifunctional E‐Textiles for Aesthetic Wearable Electronic Systems

Tian

Fang

Liang

et al. 2022

Small

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cloth materials, textiles are an ideal substrate for flexible wearable electronics due to their outstanding mechanical properties, good flexibility and softness, conformal contact with skin, and excellent wearing comfort. [11,12] Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop new smart electronic textiles (e-textiles) that can integrate the functionality of electronics and the comfort of textiles. [13,14] In particular, a facile, low-cost, and high-throughput manufacturing method for the fabrication of robust and reliable e-textiles is essential to future commercial applications of a variety of wearable electronics.Currently, there are two major approaches in fabricating e-textiles: i) weaving or integrating electronic fibers made by wet spinning into textiles; [15][16][17] and ii) depositing conductive materials onto textile surfaces. [18][19][20] Coating methods such as spray-coating and dip coating, have the advantages of simplicity, fast, and low cost, and are the most commonly used methods for depositing conductive materials on textiles. [2,21] However, they are constraint by the entire surface deposition and cannot be patterned with aesthetic design. [22] The as-prepared e-textiles with this method need to be further integrated into clothing for real wearable applications. [23,24] Textile printing is widely used in the clothing industry for pattern decoration by directly screen-printing various inks onto the clothes. [25,26] Screen printing is another simple, fast, low-cost, and high-throughput fabrication technology. With a tailored new conductive ink and high-resolution screen-printing plate, it is expected to achieve a low-cost and mass production of printed e-textiles that has both electronics functionality and visual aesthetics. However, recent research on printed e-textiles has paid little attention to the aesthetics of printed electronics and the lack of high-resolution patterns for aesthetic designs also limits the development of smart clothing. [27,28] On the other hand, the stretchability of e-textiles is extremely important for wearable applications because human body motion and deformation may generate a tensile strain as large as 55% in normal daily activities. [29] Most reported printed e-textiles only demonstrated good flexibility but very low stretchability due to the cracking of conductive layers printed on the textile. [28,[30][31][32] Recently, Someya et al. fabricated a printed e-textile with a stretchability of up to 450% by adjusting Electronic textiles (e-textiles) that combine the wearing comfort of textiles and the functionality of soft electronics are highly demanded in wearable applications. However, fabricating robust high-performance stretchable e-textiles with good abrasion resistance and high-resolution aesthetic patterns for highthroughput manufacturing and practical applications remains challenging. Herein, the authors report a new multifunctional e-textile fabricated via screen printing of the water-based silver fractal dendrites conductive ink. The as-fabricated e-textiles s...

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Printable wet-resistive textile strain sensors using bead-blended composite ink for robustly integrative wearable electronics

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Ink for Advanced Wearable Devices

Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Ink for Advanced Wearable Devices

Preliminary Assessment of a Flexible Multi-Sensor Wearable System Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings for Respiratory Monitoring of Hemiplegic Patients

Fully Printed Stretchable and Multifunctional E‐Textiles for Aesthetic Wearable Electronic Systems

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