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Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become a promising candidate for wearable energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing systems. However, processing large amounts of data imposes a computing power barrier for practical application. Machine learning‐assisted self‐powered sensors based on TENG have been widely used in data‐driven applications due to their excellent characteristics such as no additional power supply, high sensing accuracy, low cost, and good biocompatibility. This work comprehensively reviews the latest progress in machine learning (ML)‐assisted TENG‐based sensors. The future challenges and opportunities are discussed. First, the fundamental principles including the working mode of ML‐assisted TENG‐based sensor and common algorithms are systematically and comprehensively illustrated, which emphasizes the algorithm definition and principle. Subsequently, the progress of ML methods in the field of TENG‐based sensors is further reviewed, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms in practical examples, and providing guidance and suggestions on how to choose the appropriate methods. Finally, the prospects and challenges of ML‐assisted TENG‐based sensors is summarized. Directions and important insights for the future development of TENG and AI integration is provided.
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become a promising candidate for wearable energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing systems. However, processing large amounts of data imposes a computing power barrier for practical application. Machine learning‐assisted self‐powered sensors based on TENG have been widely used in data‐driven applications due to their excellent characteristics such as no additional power supply, high sensing accuracy, low cost, and good biocompatibility. This work comprehensively reviews the latest progress in machine learning (ML)‐assisted TENG‐based sensors. The future challenges and opportunities are discussed. First, the fundamental principles including the working mode of ML‐assisted TENG‐based sensor and common algorithms are systematically and comprehensively illustrated, which emphasizes the algorithm definition and principle. Subsequently, the progress of ML methods in the field of TENG‐based sensors is further reviewed, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms in practical examples, and providing guidance and suggestions on how to choose the appropriate methods. Finally, the prospects and challenges of ML‐assisted TENG‐based sensors is summarized. Directions and important insights for the future development of TENG and AI integration is provided.
Sensors play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life, ensuring safety, and facilitating technological advancements. Over the past decade, 2D layered materials have been added as new sensing element in addition to existing materials such as metal oxides, semiconductors, metals, and polymers. 2D Layered materials are typically characterized by their single or few‐layer thickness and offer a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, exceptional mechanical strength, and unique electronic attributes. These properties make them ideal candidates for a variety of sensing applications. This review article focused on utilizing 2D layered materials in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for different sensing applications. The best part of TENG‐based sensing is that it is self‐powered, so no external power supply is required. The initial part of the review focused on the importance of the 2D layered materials and their innovative integration methods in TENGs. Further, this review discusses various sensing applications, including humidity, touch, force, temperature, and gas sensing, highlighting the impact of 2D layered materials in enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of TENG sensors. The last part of the review discusses the challenges and prospects of TENG‐based self‐powered sensors.
The paper extensively explores moisture‐induced charge decay in tribo‐materials, addressing charge generation fundamentals and overcoming strategies. Triboelectric effect and contact electrification models are discussed, with corona charging and hydro‐charging as effective charge generation methods. Moisture‐induced adverse effects, such as swelling and charge dissipation, are outlined. Electronegativity and dangling bonds' roles in charge traps are explored, along with the impact of functionalities on materials. Various strategies, including hydrophobic surfaces, crystalline phases, and water‐reactive materials, are proposed to counter moisture effects. Tribo‐materials are currently applied in energy, sensors, environment, and healthcare, with potential in smart skin sensors and implantable devices. Overcoming challenges, including high charge density and durability, can lead to breakthroughs, expanding applications to harsh environments like underwater and high temperatures.
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